TY - JOUR
T1 - A refined model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion resulting in cognitive impairment and a low mortality rate in rats
AU - Mansour, Ahmed
AU - Niizuma, Kuniyasu
AU - Rashad, Sherif
AU - Sumiyoshi, Akira
AU - Ryoke, Rie
AU - Endo, Hidenori
AU - Endo, Toshiki
AU - Sato, Kenichi
AU - Kawashima, Ryuta
AU - Tominaga, Teiji
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 17H01583 and the Project for Japan Translational and Clinical Research Core Centers (No. 17lm0203026h0001) from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED. The authors report no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this paper.
Publisher Copyright:
© AANS 2019, except where prohibited by US copyright law
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - OBJECTIVE The cognitive deficits of vascular dementia and the vasoocclusive state of moyamoya disease have often been mimicked with bilateral stenosis/occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) or internal carotid artery. However, the cerebral blood flow (CBF) declines abruptly in these models after ligation of the CCA, which differs from “chronic” cerebral hypoperfusion. While some modified but time-consuming techniques have used staged occlusion of both CCAs, others used microcoils for CCA stenosis, producing an adverse effect on the arterial endothelium. Thus, the authors developed a new chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) model with cognitive impairment and a low mortality rate in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral CCA occlusion and contralateral induction of CCA stenosis (modified CCA occlusion [mCCAO]) or a sham operation. Cortical regional CBF (rCBF) was measured using laser speckle flowmetry. Cognitive function was assessed using a Barnes circular maze (BCM). MRI studies were performed 4 weeks after the operation to evaluate cervical and intracranial arteries and parenchymal injury. Behavioral and histological studies were performed at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS The mCCAO group revealed a gradual CBF reduction with a low mortality rate (2.3%). White matter degeneration was evident in the corpus callosum and corpus striatum. Although the cellular density declined in the hippocampus, MRI revealed no cerebral infarctions after mCCAO. Immunohistochemistry revealed upregulated inflammatory cells and angiogenesis in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Results of the BCM assessment indicated significant impairment in spatial learning and memory in the mCCAO group. Although some resolution of white matter injury was observed at 8 weeks, the animals still had cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS The mCCAO is a straightforward method of producing a CCH model in rats. It is associated with a low mortality rate and could potentially be used to investigate vascular disease, moyamoya disease, and CCH. This model was verified for an extended time point of 8 weeks after surgery.
AB - OBJECTIVE The cognitive deficits of vascular dementia and the vasoocclusive state of moyamoya disease have often been mimicked with bilateral stenosis/occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) or internal carotid artery. However, the cerebral blood flow (CBF) declines abruptly in these models after ligation of the CCA, which differs from “chronic” cerebral hypoperfusion. While some modified but time-consuming techniques have used staged occlusion of both CCAs, others used microcoils for CCA stenosis, producing an adverse effect on the arterial endothelium. Thus, the authors developed a new chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) model with cognitive impairment and a low mortality rate in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral CCA occlusion and contralateral induction of CCA stenosis (modified CCA occlusion [mCCAO]) or a sham operation. Cortical regional CBF (rCBF) was measured using laser speckle flowmetry. Cognitive function was assessed using a Barnes circular maze (BCM). MRI studies were performed 4 weeks after the operation to evaluate cervical and intracranial arteries and parenchymal injury. Behavioral and histological studies were performed at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS The mCCAO group revealed a gradual CBF reduction with a low mortality rate (2.3%). White matter degeneration was evident in the corpus callosum and corpus striatum. Although the cellular density declined in the hippocampus, MRI revealed no cerebral infarctions after mCCAO. Immunohistochemistry revealed upregulated inflammatory cells and angiogenesis in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Results of the BCM assessment indicated significant impairment in spatial learning and memory in the mCCAO group. Although some resolution of white matter injury was observed at 8 weeks, the animals still had cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS The mCCAO is a straightforward method of producing a CCH model in rats. It is associated with a low mortality rate and could potentially be used to investigate vascular disease, moyamoya disease, and CCH. This model was verified for an extended time point of 8 weeks after surgery.
KW - Carotid artery stenosis
KW - Cerebral blood flow
KW - Cerebral hypoperfusion
KW - Moyamoya disease
KW - Vascular dementia
KW - Vascular disorders
KW - White matter injury
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U2 - 10.3171/2018.3.JNS172274
DO - 10.3171/2018.3.JNS172274
M3 - Article
C2 - 30192196
AN - SCOPUS:85071922572
SN - 0022-3085
VL - 131
SP - 892
EP - 902
JO - Journal of Neurosurgery
JF - Journal of Neurosurgery
IS - 3
ER -