Basilar artery dissection with rupture 6 years after accidental detection: A case report

Background: Chronic basilar artery dissection (BAD) is a rare pathology, and only a few reports have been mentioned in the literature. The imaging features of chronic BAD, especially those that develop into a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), are unknown. Case Description: We report a unique case of a chronic BAD with a split intimal flap that developed into an SAH. A 74-year-old man was diagnosed with BAD. After considering all treatment options, conservative treatment was selected for the patient. We continued imaging follow-up of the patient in our outpatient clinic once a year. The BA gradually dilated and the internal flap split. The patient and his family refused surgical treatment; therefore, conservative treatment was continued. Six years and 2 months from the first diagnosis, he developed a massive SAH and died. Conclusion: In the case of this patient, the weakened condition of the internal elastic lamina may have caused dissection of the intimal flap between the intima and media. Furthermore, the dissection may have developed and connected the true lumen to the pseudolumen and induced BA rupture. Thereby, split of the internal flap could be a risk factor for rupture in chronic BAD.