@article{b4a092034b0045a3904fb6df962c1bfe,
title = "Clinical and Cerebral Metabolic Changes in Parkinson's Disease With Basal Forebrain Atrophy",
abstract = "Background: Cholinergic dysfunction plays a key role in cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies revealed that atrophy in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), the largest cholinergic nucleus in the basal forebrain, heralds cognitive decline in PD. Despite clinical importance of NBM atrophy in PD, clinical and radiological correlates of NBM atrophy remains to be elucidated. Objective: We investigated the longitudinal changes in clinical and cerebral glucose metabolic characteristics in PD with atrophy in the NBM. Methods: We analyzed the 3-year longitudinal data of 56 PD patients who underwent motor, nonmotor, and imaging evaluations at baseline. The patients were classified into PD with and without NBM atrophy based on the results of magnetic resonance imaging volumetry. We compared clinical characteristics and cerebral glucose metabolic changes between PD with and without NBM atrophy. Results: At baseline, 20 patients and 36 patients were classified into PD with and without NBM atrophy groups, respectively. At follow-up, the data of the 14 PD patients in the NBM atrophy group and the 18 patients in the group without NBM atrophy completed full assessments and were available for the analysis. The PD with NBM atrophy group showed severe cognitive dysfunction and psychiatric symptoms both at baseline and follow-up. The NBM volume significantly correlated with motor and nonmotor functions. The PD with NBM atrophy showed significantly reduced metabolism in the parietal and occipital cortices both at baseline and follow-up. Conclusions: Basal forebrain atrophy is a simple and sensible marker of faster disease progression and cortical hypometabolism in PD.",
keywords = "Basal forebrain, Parkinson's disease, cerebral glucose metabolism, cholinergic dysfunction, nonmotor symptoms",
author = "Miyeong Gang and Toru Baba and Yoshiyuki Hosokai and Yoshiyuki Nishio and Akio Kikuchi and Kazumi Hirayama and Takafumi Hasegawa and Masashi Aoki and Atsushi Takeda and Etsuro Mori and Kyoko Suzuki",
note = "Funding Information: M.G., Y.H., Y.N., and K.H. have nothing to disclose. T.B. has active grant support from AbbVie Inc. A.K. has received grant support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. T.H. has active grant support from Japanese government (the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the Agency for Medical Research and Development) and Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. He has received honoraria/personal compensation for participating as consultant/scientific board member from Abbvie, Novartis, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Kyowa Hakkou Kirin, FP Pharmaceutical Corp., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Nagoya University, Okayama University, and the Japanese Neurological Society. M.A. has received research grants for research on Nervous and mental disorders, research on rare and intractable diseases, and research on psychiatric and neurological diseases and mental health from the Japanese Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare, Grants‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research, an Intramural Research Grant for Neurological Psychiatric Disorders from NCNP, Grants‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and a Practical Research Project for Rare/Intractable Diseases from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development. M.A. has received funding for travel and received speaker honoraria from Eisai Inc., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Sanofi K.K. Novartis Pharma K.K., and Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd. A.T. has received grant support from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, the Japanese government (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare), Meiji Seika Pharma, Hisamitsu Pharma, Pfyzer, Dainihon‐Sumitomo Pharma, and Kyowa‐Kirin Pharma. He has received honoraria as a consultant/scientific board member from AbbVie, Kyowa‐Kirin Pharma, Ono Pharma, and Tanabe‐Mitsubishi Pharma and honoraria for lecturing at meetings from AbbVie, FP Pharma, Takeda Pharma, Kyowa‐Kirin Pharma, Teva, Ootsuka Pharma, Dinihon‐Sumitomo Pharma, Novartis Pharma, Eisai Pharma, and Daiichi‐Sankyo Pharma. E.M. has received grant support from MHWL and Eisai; has an affiliation as an endowed chair from Heptares/Sosei; has received personal compensation as a consultant/scientific advisory board member for Heptares/Sosei, Mentis Cura, and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma; and has received honoraria from Eisai, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Integra Japan, and Nihon Medi‐Physics. K.S. has received grant support from the Japanese government (Grants‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Japanese Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare) and pharmaceutical companies (Eisai, Daiichi‐Sankyo, and Novartis) and honoraria for speaking at meetings from Nippon Chemiphar, Fuji Film, Otuska Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Daiichi‐Sankyo, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, UCB Japan, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., and Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Funding Information: agencies: This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Foundation for Neuroscience and Mental Health (26860657) and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (No. 17H05936, 18H05058) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan to K.S. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society",
year = "2020",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1002/mds.27988",
language = "English",
volume = "35",
pages = "825--832",
journal = "Movement Disorders",
issn = "0885-3185",
publisher = "John Wiley & Sons Inc.",
number = "5",
}