Cloning Primates

Calvin Simerly; Masahito Tachibana; Shoukhrat Mitalipov; Gerald Schatten

doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-386541-0.00023-0

Cloning Primates

Calvin Simerly, Masahito Tachibana, Shoukhrat Mitalipov, Gerald Schatten

MED - Medical Sciences

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter › peer-review

Abstract

The promise of nuclear transfer (NT) in producing patient-specific embryonic stem cells for regenerative medicine holds great interest for the treatment of human diseases, whether as tools for "disease in a dish" discoveries or as replacement cells in patient therapies. With the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells, current debates flourish over whether human NT is necessary, given the limitations of burdensome technical, ethical, and legal issues. Non-human primates (NHP) are superior models for understanding the stepwise events of successful primate NT and could provide easier extrapolations to events in humans than rodent cloning model. Early challenges to producing cloned NHP blastocysts using traditional NT technologies successful in rodent and cows were overcome by modifications to enucleation, artificial activation, and embryo culture in monkeys. Regardless, adoption of these technical advances in human NT has yet to produce stable human pluripotent embryonic stem cells, and recent reports suggest that human meiotic spindle removal as the first step in the cloning process remains detrimental to producing viable human ESC lines. This chapter provides a review on challenges in nuclear transfer in primates - non-human and human alike.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Principles of Cloning
Subtitle of host publication	Second Edition
Publisher	Elsevier Inc.
Pages	299-310
Number of pages	12
ISBN (Print)	9780123865410
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386541-0.00023-0
Publication status	Published - 2013 Oct

Keywords

Centriole
Centrosomes
Eg5
HSET
Microtubules
Molecular motors
Nuclear transfer
NuMA
Primate cloning
Regenerative medicine
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
Spindle enucleation
Stem cell

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/B978-0-12-386541-0.00023-0

Cite this

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title = "Cloning Primates",

abstract = "The promise of nuclear transfer (NT) in producing patient-specific embryonic stem cells for regenerative medicine holds great interest for the treatment of human diseases, whether as tools for {"}disease in a dish{"} discoveries or as replacement cells in patient therapies. With the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells, current debates flourish over whether human NT is necessary, given the limitations of burdensome technical, ethical, and legal issues. Non-human primates (NHP) are superior models for understanding the stepwise events of successful primate NT and could provide easier extrapolations to events in humans than rodent cloning model. Early challenges to producing cloned NHP blastocysts using traditional NT technologies successful in rodent and cows were overcome by modifications to enucleation, artificial activation, and embryo culture in monkeys. Regardless, adoption of these technical advances in human NT has yet to produce stable human pluripotent embryonic stem cells, and recent reports suggest that human meiotic spindle removal as the first step in the cloning process remains detrimental to producing viable human ESC lines. This chapter provides a review on challenges in nuclear transfer in primates - non-human and human alike.",

keywords = "Centriole, Centrosomes, Eg5, HSET, Microtubules, Molecular motors, Nuclear transfer, NuMA, Primate cloning, Regenerative medicine, Somatic cell nuclear transfer, Spindle enucleation, Stem cell",

author = "Calvin Simerly and Masahito Tachibana and Shoukhrat Mitalipov and Gerald Schatten",

note = "Funding Information: We thank our numerous colleagues, including the remarkable veterinarians, technicians, and animal care staff at the University of Pittsburgh, Oregon National Primate Research Center, and Texas Biomedical Research Institute (formerly Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research) in San Antonio who have participated in our research programs. We are grateful to Angela Palermo Lauff for editorial assistance, and Carrie Redinger Hartnett and Dave McFarland for critical review of the manuscript. We also thank the NIH, and especially the NCRR, for generous support of our respective NHP research programs.",

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AU - Mitalipov, Shoukhrat

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N1 - Funding Information: We thank our numerous colleagues, including the remarkable veterinarians, technicians, and animal care staff at the University of Pittsburgh, Oregon National Primate Research Center, and Texas Biomedical Research Institute (formerly Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research) in San Antonio who have participated in our research programs. We are grateful to Angela Palermo Lauff for editorial assistance, and Carrie Redinger Hartnett and Dave McFarland for critical review of the manuscript. We also thank the NIH, and especially the NCRR, for generous support of our respective NHP research programs.

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AB - The promise of nuclear transfer (NT) in producing patient-specific embryonic stem cells for regenerative medicine holds great interest for the treatment of human diseases, whether as tools for "disease in a dish" discoveries or as replacement cells in patient therapies. With the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells, current debates flourish over whether human NT is necessary, given the limitations of burdensome technical, ethical, and legal issues. Non-human primates (NHP) are superior models for understanding the stepwise events of successful primate NT and could provide easier extrapolations to events in humans than rodent cloning model. Early challenges to producing cloned NHP blastocysts using traditional NT technologies successful in rodent and cows were overcome by modifications to enucleation, artificial activation, and embryo culture in monkeys. Regardless, adoption of these technical advances in human NT has yet to produce stable human pluripotent embryonic stem cells, and recent reports suggest that human meiotic spindle removal as the first step in the cloning process remains detrimental to producing viable human ESC lines. This chapter provides a review on challenges in nuclear transfer in primates - non-human and human alike.

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KW - Microtubules

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KW - Regenerative medicine

KW - Somatic cell nuclear transfer

KW - Spindle enucleation

KW - Stem cell

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M3 - Chapter

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SN - 9780123865410

SP - 299

EP - 310

BT - Principles of Cloning

PB - Elsevier Inc.

ER -

Cloning Primates

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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