@article{b0cb515fa0d24b97a633595b5edab466,
title = "Coincident Observations by the Kharkiv IS Radar and Ionosonde, DMSP and Arase (ERG) Satellites, and FLIP Model Simulations: Implications for the NRLMSISE-00 Hydrogen Density, Plasmasphere, and Ionosphere",
abstract = "This paper reports the results of ionosphere and plasmasphere observations with the Kharkiv incoherent scatter radar and ionosonde, Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, and Arase (ERG) satellites and simulations with field line interhemispheric plasma model during the equinoxes and solstices of solar minimum 24. The results reveal the need to increase NRLMSISE-00 thermospheric hydrogen density by a factor of ~2. For the first time, it is shown that the measured plasmaspheric density can be reproduced with doubled NRLMSISE-00 hydrogen density only. A factor of ~2 decrease of plasmaspheric density in deep inner magnetosphere (L ≈ 2.1) caused by very weak magnetic disturbance (Dst > −22 nT) of 24 December 2017 was observed in the morning of 25 December 2017. During the next night, prominent effects of partially depleted flux tube were observed in the topside ionosphere (~50% reduced H+ ion density) and at the F2-layer peak (~50% decreased electron density). The likely physical mechanisms are discussed.",
keywords = "100% underestimation by NRLMSISE-00 model, ionosphere, observations and simulations, plasmasphere, prominent effects of weak magnetic storm, thermospheric hydrogen",
author = "Kotov, {D. V.} and Richards, {P. G.} and V. Truhl{\'i}k and Bogomaz, {O. V.} and Shulha, {M. O.} and N. Maruyama and M. Hairston and Y. Miyoshi and Y. Kasahara and A. Kumamoto and F. Tsuchiya and A. Matsuoka and I. Shinohara and M. Hern{\'a}ndez-Pajares and Domnin, {I. F.} and Zhivolup, {T. G.} and Emelyanov, {L. Ya} and Chepurnyy, {Ya M.}",
note = "Funding Information: D. V. Kotov was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (project 0116U006807) and by VarSITI program of SCOSTEP (campaign “Coordinated investigations of topside H+ions: new results for inner magnetosphere”). P. G. Richards was supported by NASA grant NNX15AI90G to George Mason University. V. Truhlik was supported by grant LTAUSA17100 of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. Y. Miyoshi is supported by the JSPS grants (15H05815, 15H05747, and 16H06286). The data of Kharkiv IS radar are available from DVK upon request. The FLIP model laptop version is freely available from PGR upon request. We acknowledge Open Madrigal Initiative for providing DMSP data on the http://cedar.open-madrigal.org link and personally thank Patricia Doherty (Boston College) and Marc Hairston (University of Texas at Dallas, W. B. Hanson Center for Space Sciences) for their help with DMSP data preparation. Science data of the Arase (ERG) satellite were obtained from the ERG Science Center operated by ISAS/JAXA and ISEE/Nagoya University (http://ergsc.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/). The Arase satellite data will be publicly available via ERG Science Center on a project-agreed schedule. The present study used the PWE/HFA CDF L3 v00_02. Vertical TEC data are provided by UPC Global Ionospheric Maps (http:// www.gage.upc.edu/drupal6/forum/global-ionospheric-maps-ionex). Kpindices are from the site of World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto (http://wdc. kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/index.html). Other indices are taken at Goddard Space Flight Center SPDF site (https://omni-web.gsfc.nasa.gov/). Funding Information: D. V. Kotov was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (project 0116U006807) and by VarSITI program of SCOSTEP (campaign “Coordinated investigations of topside H+ ions: new results for inner magnetosphere”). P. G. Richards was supported by NASA grant NNX15AI90G to George Mason University. V. Truhlik was supported by grant LTAUSA17100 of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. Y. Miyoshi is supported by the JSPS grants (15H05815, 15H05747, and 16H06286). The data of Kharkiv IS radar are available from DVK upon request. The FLIP model laptop version is freely available from PGR upon request. We acknowledge Open Madrigal Initiative for providing DMSP data on the http://cedar.openmadrigal.org link and personally thank Patricia Doherty (Boston College) and Marc Hairston (University of Texas at Dallas, W. B. Hanson Center for Space Sciences) for their help with DMSP data preparation. Science data of the Arase (ERG) satellite were obtained from the ERG Science Center operated by ISAS/JAXA and ISEE/Nagoya University (http://ergsc.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/). The Arase satellite data will be publicly available via ERG Science Center on a project-agreed schedule. The present study used the PWE/HFA CDF L3 v00_02. Vertical TEC data are provided by UPC Global Ionospheric Maps (http://www.gage.upc.edu/drupal6/forum/global-ionospheric-maps-ionex). Kp indices are from the site of World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto (http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/index.html). Other indices are taken at Goddard Space Flight Center SPDF site (https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2018",
month = aug,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1029/2018GL079206",
language = "English",
volume = "45",
pages = "8062--8071",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
number = "16",
}