Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1992): I. Susceptibility distribution

The frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 732 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 11 hospitals during the period of June 1992 to May 1993. Of the above total bacterial isolates, Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 35.4% and a majority of them were Enterococcus faecalis. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 64.6% and most of them were Escherichia coli. 1. Enterococcus faecalis Ampicillin (ABPC), imipenem (IPM) and vancomycin (VCM) showed the highest activities against E. faecalis isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. The mic₉₀s of them were 2 µg/ml. Piperacillin (PIPC) was also active with the MIC₉₀ of 8 µg/ml. The others except chloramphenicol (CP) were not so active with the MIC₉₀s of 32 µg/ml or above. 2. Staphylococcus aureus including MRSA VCM showed the highest activities against S. aureus isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. Its MIC₉₀ was 1 µg/ml. Arbekacin (ABK) was also active with the MIC₉₀ of 2 µg/ml. The others were not so active with the MIC₉₀s of 32 µg/ml or above. 3. Staphylococcus epidermidis ABK showed the highest activities against S. epidermidis isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. Its MIC₉₀ was 0.5 µg/ml. Cefotiam (CTM) and VCM were also active with the MIC₉₀s of 2 µg/ml. Penicillins except ABPC, gentamicin (GM), clindamycin (CLDM) and quinolones were not so active with the MIC₉₀s of 64 µg/ml or above. 4. Streptococcus agalactiae Most of the agents were active against S. agalactiae isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. Penicillins, cephems, erythromycin (EM), and CLDM showed the highest activities. The MIC₉₀s of them were 0.25 µg/ml or below. Amikacin (AMK) and minocycline (MINO) were not so active with the MIC₉₀s of 32 µg/ml or above. 5. Citrobacter freundii IPM showed the highest activities against C. freundii isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. Its MIC₉₀ was 1 µg/ml. Cefozopran (CZOP) and amikacin (AMK) were also active with the MIC₉₀s of 4 µg/ml. Penicillins and cephems generally were not so active. 6. Enterobacter cloacae IPM and GM showed the highest activities against E. cloacae. The MIC₉₀s of them were 0.5 µg/ml. Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and tosufloxacin (TFLX) were also active with the MIC₉₀s of 4 µg/ml. Penicillins and cephems generally showed lower activities. 7. Escherichia coli Most of the agents were active against E. coli. Flomoxef (FMOX), cefmenoxime (CMX), CZOP, IPM, carumonam (CRMN), norfloxacin (NFLX), ofloxacin (OFLX), CPFX and TFLX showed the highest activities against E. coli. The MIC₉₀s of them were 0.125 µg/ml or below. Cefotiam (CTM), ceftazidime (CAZ), cefuzonam (CZON) and latamoxef (LMOX) were also active with the MIC₉₀s of 0.25 µg/ml. Penicillins were not so active with the MIC₉₀s of 32 µg/ml or above. 8. Klebsiella pneumoniae Most of the agents were active against K pneumoniae. FMOX, CMX, CZOP and CRMN showed the highest activities. The MIC₉₀s of them were 0.125 µg/ml or below. But ampicillin (ABPC) was not so active with the MIC₉₀ of 128 µg/ml. 9. Proteus mirabilis Most of the agents were active against P. mirabilis. FMOX, CMX, CAZ, CZON, LMOX, CFIX, CPDX, CRMN, NFLX, CPFX and TFLX showed the highest activities against P. mirabilis isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. The MIC₉₀s of them were 0.125 µg/ml or below. ABPC and MINO were not so active with the MIC₉₀s of 256 µg/ml or above. 10. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Most of the agents were not so active against P. aeruginosa. IPM showed MIC₉₀ of 8 µg/ml. Cefclidin (CFCL) and AMK showed MIC₉₀s of 16 µg/ml. IPM and TOB showed MIC₅₀s of 1 µg/ml. CFCL showed MIC₅₀s of 2 µg/ml. 11. Serratia marcescens Most of the agents were not so active against S. marcescens. Comparatively, CRMN was active with the MIC₉₀ of 16 µg/ml. TFLX showed MIC₉₀s of 32 µg/ml. The others were not active with the MIC₉₀s of 64 µg/ml or above. TFLX and IPM showed MIC₅₀s of 1 µg/ml, 2 µg/ml, respectively.