Early afterglow and variability

Kunihito Ioka; Shiho Kobayashi; Bing Zhang; Toma Kenji; Ryo Yamazaki; Takashi Nakamura

doi:10.1063/1.2207907

Early afterglow and variability

Kunihito Ioka, Shiho Kobayashi, Bing Zhang, Toma Kenji, Ryo Yamazaki, Takashi Nakamura

FRIS - Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Division

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

We show that simple kinematic arguments can give limits on variabilities in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. These limits are violated by X-ray flares in the early afterglows recently identified by the Swift satellite. We discuss that a probable solution is that the central engine continues to eject an intermittent outflow for a very long timescale up to 1 day. This long-lived engine model may also explain the flat decay of early X-ray afterglows, while the gamma-ray efficiency of GRBs should be incredibly high (>75-90%) in this model. We suggest new possible models to evade this efficiency crisis and discuss implications for future observations.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA
Subtitle of host publication	Sixteenth Maryland Astrophysics Conference
Pages	301-304
Number of pages	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2207907
Publication status	Published - 2006 May 19
Event	GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA: 16th Maryland Astrophysics Conference - Washington, D.C., United States Duration: 2005 Nov 29 → 2005 Dec 2

Publication series

Name	AIP Conference Proceedings
Volume	836
ISSN (Print)	0094-243X
ISSN (Electronic)	1551-7616

Conference

Conference	GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA: 16th Maryland Astrophysics Conference
Country/Territory	United States
City	Washington, D.C.
Period	05/11/29 → 05/12/2

Keywords

Gamma rays: bursts
Gamma rays: theory
Relativity

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10.1063/1.2207907

Cite this

@inproceedings{f42cb8b22102474e8234ce1f7290f5fc,

title = "Early afterglow and variability",

abstract = "We show that simple kinematic arguments can give limits on variabilities in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. These limits are violated by X-ray flares in the early afterglows recently identified by the Swift satellite. We discuss that a probable solution is that the central engine continues to eject an intermittent outflow for a very long timescale up to 1 day. This long-lived engine model may also explain the flat decay of early X-ray afterglows, while the gamma-ray efficiency of GRBs should be incredibly high (>75-90%) in this model. We suggest new possible models to evade this efficiency crisis and discuss implications for future observations.",

keywords = "Gamma rays: bursts, Gamma rays: theory, Relativity",

author = "Kunihito Ioka and Shiho Kobayashi and Bing Zhang and Toma Kenji and Ryo Yamazaki and Takashi Nakamura",

year = "2006",

month = may,

day = "19",

doi = "10.1063/1.2207907",

language = "English",

isbn = "0735403260",

series = "AIP Conference Proceedings",

pages = "301--304",

booktitle = "GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA",

note = "GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA: 16th Maryland Astrophysics Conference ; Conference date: 29-11-2005 Through 02-12-2005",

}

Ioka, K, Kobayashi, S, Zhang, B, Kenji, T, Yamazaki, R & Nakamura, T 2006, Early afterglow and variability. in GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA: Sixteenth Maryland Astrophysics Conference. AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 836, pp. 301-304, GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA: 16th Maryland Astrophysics Conference, Washington, D.C., United States, 05/11/29. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2207907

TY - GEN

T1 - Early afterglow and variability

AU - Ioka, Kunihito

AU - Kobayashi, Shiho

AU - Zhang, Bing

AU - Kenji, Toma

AU - Yamazaki, Ryo

AU - Nakamura, Takashi

PY - 2006/5/19

Y1 - 2006/5/19

N2 - We show that simple kinematic arguments can give limits on variabilities in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. These limits are violated by X-ray flares in the early afterglows recently identified by the Swift satellite. We discuss that a probable solution is that the central engine continues to eject an intermittent outflow for a very long timescale up to 1 day. This long-lived engine model may also explain the flat decay of early X-ray afterglows, while the gamma-ray efficiency of GRBs should be incredibly high (>75-90%) in this model. We suggest new possible models to evade this efficiency crisis and discuss implications for future observations.

AB - We show that simple kinematic arguments can give limits on variabilities in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. These limits are violated by X-ray flares in the early afterglows recently identified by the Swift satellite. We discuss that a probable solution is that the central engine continues to eject an intermittent outflow for a very long timescale up to 1 day. This long-lived engine model may also explain the flat decay of early X-ray afterglows, while the gamma-ray efficiency of GRBs should be incredibly high (>75-90%) in this model. We suggest new possible models to evade this efficiency crisis and discuss implications for future observations.

KW - Gamma rays: bursts

KW - Gamma rays: theory

KW - Relativity

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33845563027&partnerID=8YFLogxK

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U2 - 10.1063/1.2207907

DO - 10.1063/1.2207907

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:33845563027

SN - 0735403260

SN - 9780735403260

T3 - AIP Conference Proceedings

SP - 301

EP - 304

BT - GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA

T2 - GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA: 16th Maryland Astrophysics Conference

Y2 - 29 November 2005 through 2 December 2005

ER -

Early afterglow and variability

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Keywords

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