Environmental impacts on molecular gas in protocluster galaxies at z ∼ 2

Ken Ichi Tadaki; Tadayuki Kodama; Masao Hayashi; Rhythm Shimakawa; Yusei Koyama; Minju Lee; Ichi Tanaka; Bunyo Hatsukade; Daisuke Iono; Kotaro Kohno; Yuichi Matsuda; Tomoko Suzuki; Yoichi Tamura; Jun Toshikawa; Hideki Umehata

doi:10.1093/pasj/psz005

Environmental impacts on molecular gas in protocluster galaxies at z ∼ 2

Ken Ichi Tadaki, Tadayuki Kodama, Masao Hayashi, Rhythm Shimakawa, Yusei Koyama, Minju Lee, Ichi Tanaka, Bunyo Hatsukade, Daisuke Iono, Kotaro Kohno, Yuichi Matsuda, Tomoko Suzuki, Yoichi Tamura, Jun Toshikawa, Hideki Umehata

SCI - Astronomy

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Abstract

We present the results from ALMA CO(3-2) observations of 66 Hα-selected galaxies in three protoclusters around radio galaxies: PKS 1138-262 (z = 2.16), USS 1558-003 (z = 2.53), and 4C 23.56 (z = 2.49). The pointing areas have an overdensity of ∼100 compared to the mean surface number density of galaxies in field environments. We detect the CO emission line in 16 star-forming galaxies, including six previously published galaxies, to measure the molecular gas mass. In the stellar mass range of 10.5 < log (M_star/M_⊙) < 11.0, the protocluster galaxies have larger gas mass fractions and longer gas depletion timescales compared to the scaling relations established for field galaxies. On the other hand, the amounts of molecular gas in more massive galaxies with log (M_star/M_⊙) > 11.0 are comparable in mass to the scaling relation, or smaller. Our results suggest that the environmental effects on gas properties are mass dependent: in high-density environments, gas accretion through cosmic filaments is accelerated in less massive galaxies, while this is suppressed in the most massive system.

Original language	English
Article number	40
Journal	Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Volume	71
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psz005
Publication status	Published - 2019 Apr 1

Keywords

Galaxies: ISM
Galaxies: clusters: general
Galaxies: high-redshift

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.1093/pasj/psz005

Cite this

Tadaki, K. I., Kodama, T., Hayashi, M., Shimakawa, R., Koyama, Y., Lee, M., Tanaka, I., Hatsukade, B., Iono, D., Kohno, K., Matsuda, Y., Suzuki, T., Tamura, Y., Toshikawa, J., & Umehata, H. (2019). Environmental impacts on molecular gas in protocluster galaxies at z ∼ 2. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 71(2), [40]. https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psz005

@article{daaae1bffb5e4f6e919f069913ed5ad6,

title = "Environmental impacts on molecular gas in protocluster galaxies at z ∼ 2",

abstract = "We present the results from ALMA CO(3-2) observations of 66 Hα-selected galaxies in three protoclusters around radio galaxies: PKS 1138-262 (z = 2.16), USS 1558-003 (z = 2.53), and 4C 23.56 (z = 2.49). The pointing areas have an overdensity of ∼100 compared to the mean surface number density of galaxies in field environments. We detect the CO emission line in 16 star-forming galaxies, including six previously published galaxies, to measure the molecular gas mass. In the stellar mass range of 10.5 < log (Mstar/M⊙) < 11.0, the protocluster galaxies have larger gas mass fractions and longer gas depletion timescales compared to the scaling relations established for field galaxies. On the other hand, the amounts of molecular gas in more massive galaxies with log (Mstar/M⊙) > 11.0 are comparable in mass to the scaling relation, or smaller. Our results suggest that the environmental effects on gas properties are mass dependent: in high-density environments, gas accretion through cosmic filaments is accelerated in less massive galaxies, while this is suppressed in the most massive system.",

keywords = "Galaxies: ISM, Galaxies: clusters: general, Galaxies: high-redshift",

author = "Tadaki, {Ken Ichi} and Tadayuki Kodama and Masao Hayashi and Rhythm Shimakawa and Yusei Koyama and Minju Lee and Ichi Tanaka and Bunyo Hatsukade and Daisuke Iono and Kotaro Kohno and Yuichi Matsuda and Tomoko Suzuki and Yoichi Tamura and Jun Toshikawa and Hideki Umehata",

note = "Funding Information: We thank the referee for constructive comments. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2015. 1.00395.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. The MIR data used in this paper are taken with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. K.T. acknowledges support by Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellow JP17J04449 and Scientific Research (S) JP17H06130. Data analysis was in part carried out on the common-use data analysis computer system at the Astronomy Data Center (ADC) of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2019.",

year = "2019",

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day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/pasj/psz005",

language = "English",

volume = "71",

journal = "Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan",

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publisher = "Astronomical Society of Japan",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Environmental impacts on molecular gas in protocluster galaxies at z ∼ 2

AU - Tadaki, Ken Ichi

AU - Kodama, Tadayuki

AU - Hayashi, Masao

AU - Shimakawa, Rhythm

AU - Koyama, Yusei

AU - Lee, Minju

AU - Tanaka, Ichi

AU - Hatsukade, Bunyo

AU - Iono, Daisuke

AU - Kohno, Kotaro

AU - Matsuda, Yuichi

AU - Suzuki, Tomoko

AU - Tamura, Yoichi

AU - Toshikawa, Jun

AU - Umehata, Hideki

N1 - Funding Information: We thank the referee for constructive comments. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2015. 1.00395.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. The MIR data used in this paper are taken with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. K.T. acknowledges support by Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellow JP17J04449 and Scientific Research (S) JP17H06130. Data analysis was in part carried out on the common-use data analysis computer system at the Astronomy Data Center (ADC) of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2019.

PY - 2019/4/1

Y1 - 2019/4/1

N2 - We present the results from ALMA CO(3-2) observations of 66 Hα-selected galaxies in three protoclusters around radio galaxies: PKS 1138-262 (z = 2.16), USS 1558-003 (z = 2.53), and 4C 23.56 (z = 2.49). The pointing areas have an overdensity of ∼100 compared to the mean surface number density of galaxies in field environments. We detect the CO emission line in 16 star-forming galaxies, including six previously published galaxies, to measure the molecular gas mass. In the stellar mass range of 10.5 < log (Mstar/M⊙) < 11.0, the protocluster galaxies have larger gas mass fractions and longer gas depletion timescales compared to the scaling relations established for field galaxies. On the other hand, the amounts of molecular gas in more massive galaxies with log (Mstar/M⊙) > 11.0 are comparable in mass to the scaling relation, or smaller. Our results suggest that the environmental effects on gas properties are mass dependent: in high-density environments, gas accretion through cosmic filaments is accelerated in less massive galaxies, while this is suppressed in the most massive system.

AB - We present the results from ALMA CO(3-2) observations of 66 Hα-selected galaxies in three protoclusters around radio galaxies: PKS 1138-262 (z = 2.16), USS 1558-003 (z = 2.53), and 4C 23.56 (z = 2.49). The pointing areas have an overdensity of ∼100 compared to the mean surface number density of galaxies in field environments. We detect the CO emission line in 16 star-forming galaxies, including six previously published galaxies, to measure the molecular gas mass. In the stellar mass range of 10.5 < log (Mstar/M⊙) < 11.0, the protocluster galaxies have larger gas mass fractions and longer gas depletion timescales compared to the scaling relations established for field galaxies. On the other hand, the amounts of molecular gas in more massive galaxies with log (Mstar/M⊙) > 11.0 are comparable in mass to the scaling relation, or smaller. Our results suggest that the environmental effects on gas properties are mass dependent: in high-density environments, gas accretion through cosmic filaments is accelerated in less massive galaxies, while this is suppressed in the most massive system.

KW - Galaxies: ISM

KW - Galaxies: clusters: general

KW - Galaxies: high-redshift

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U2 - 10.1093/pasj/psz005

DO - 10.1093/pasj/psz005

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85071489535

SN - 0004-6264

VL - 71

JO - Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

JF - Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

IS - 2

M1 - 40

ER -

Environmental impacts on molecular gas in protocluster galaxies at z ∼ 2

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