Epidermal FABP (FABP5) regulates keratinocyte differentiation by 13(S)-HODE-mediated activation of the NF-B signaling pathway

Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are postulated to serve as lipid shuttles that solubilize hydrophobic fatty acids and deliver them to appropriate intracellular sites. Epidermal FABP (E-FABP/FABP5) is predominantly expressed in keratinocytes and is overexpressed in the actively proliferating tissue characteristic of psoriasis and wound healing. In this study, we found decreased expression of the differentiation-specific proteins keratin 1, involucrin, and loricrin in E-FABP / keratinocytes relative to E-FABP / keratinocytes. We also determined that incorporation of linoleic acid was significantly reduced in E-FABP / keratinocytes. Although linoleic acid did not directly affect keratinocyte differentiation, keratin 1 expression was induced by the linoleic acid derivative 13(S)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13(S)-HODE), and this induction was concomitant with increased NF-B activity. In E-FABP / keratinocytes, the expression of 13(S)-HODE and the subsequent induction of NF-B activity was lower than in wild-type keratinocytes. The reduction of linoleic acid in E-FABP / keratinocytes led to decreased cellular 13(S)-HODE content, resulting in decreased keratin 1 expression through downregulation of NF-B activity. The regulation of fatty acid metabolism by E-FABP during keratinocyte differentiation suggests that E-FABP may have a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.