Epstein-BARR virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder after unrelated bone marrow transplantation in a young child with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

We report a case of a 16-month-old Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) patient with a WASP gene mutation who received human leukocyte antigen (HLA)- matched, unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) followed by an Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (EB-LPD), diagnosed by clinical findings, polymerase chain reaction detection of the EB virus genome, and spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation of donor cell origin. EB-LPD is one of frequent lethal complications in HLA-mismatched or unrelated BMT in this syndrome. Adoptive immunotherapy with donor leukocyte transfusion, including appropriate numbers of CD3-positive T cells, was effective for the EB-LPD, achieving almost complete recovery I year later without any findings of graft-versus-host disease.