Experimental study for cancer diagnosis with positron-labeled fluorinated glucose analogs: [¹⁸F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-mannose: A new tracer for cancer detection

¹⁸F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG) and ¹⁸F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-mannose (¹⁸F-FDM) were tested as tumor diagnostic agents in a transplantable rat tumor and rabbit tumors. Tissue distribution studies in rats showed high tumor uptakes of both radiopharmaceuticals. The tumor uptake reached 2.65±0.61% dose ¹⁸F-FDG/g and 2.65±0.81% dose ¹⁸F-FDM/g at 60 min and remained relatively constant until 120 min. Blood clearance of both ¹⁸F-FDG and ²⁸F-FDM was very rapid and tumor-to-blood ratios reached 22.1 and 29.4 at 60 min, respectively. Tumor-to-tissue ratios of both radiopharmaceuticals were very high in most organs, especially in the liver, kidney, and pancreas. Positron emission tomography (PET) of rabbit tumor with ¹⁸F-FDM clearly delineated the main tumor, central necrosis, and lymph node metastases. These data suggested that ¹⁸F-FDM which is a by-product of ¹⁸F-FDG synthesis, was also an excellent cancer diagnostic agent as well as ¹⁸F-FDG. This is not only a new feature of ¹⁸F-FDM, but also an economical improvement on cancer diagnosis by PET.