TY - JOUR
T1 - Fate of lead oxide during thermal treatment with tetrabromobisphenol A
AU - Oleszek, Sylwia
AU - Grabda, Mariusz
AU - Shibata, Etsuro
AU - Nakamura, Takashi
N1 - Funding Information:
This study is supported by the High Efficiency Rare Elements Extraction Technology Area in the Tohoku Innovation Materials Technology Initiatives for Reconstruction from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan .
PY - 2013/10/15
Y1 - 2013/10/15
N2 - In this paper, the bromination reaction between lead oxide and hydrogen bromide originating from the thermal decomposition of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), under inert and oxidizing atmospheres, was investigated, using a laboratory-scale furnace. The results obtained under inert conditions indicated that bromination of PbO proceeded simultaneously with debromination of TBBPA, with an average effectiveness of 69% (max. 80%). Volatilization of the formed PbBr2 began at 315°C, intensified at 750°C, and reached 98% at 850°C. The formed organic char served as a source of carbon for reduction of the unreacted lead oxide to metallic lead in the range 315-750°C. Additional experiments conducted at selected temperatures under slightly oxidizing (5vol% O2) and quasi-atmospheric (20vol% O2) conditions showed no significant effects on bromination-evaporation of lead in the studied mixture. However, in isothermal treatment under quasi-atmospheric oxygen levels, complete vaporization of the formed lead bromide was obtained at a temperature of only 650°C.
AB - In this paper, the bromination reaction between lead oxide and hydrogen bromide originating from the thermal decomposition of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), under inert and oxidizing atmospheres, was investigated, using a laboratory-scale furnace. The results obtained under inert conditions indicated that bromination of PbO proceeded simultaneously with debromination of TBBPA, with an average effectiveness of 69% (max. 80%). Volatilization of the formed PbBr2 began at 315°C, intensified at 750°C, and reached 98% at 850°C. The formed organic char served as a source of carbon for reduction of the unreacted lead oxide to metallic lead in the range 315-750°C. Additional experiments conducted at selected temperatures under slightly oxidizing (5vol% O2) and quasi-atmospheric (20vol% O2) conditions showed no significant effects on bromination-evaporation of lead in the studied mixture. However, in isothermal treatment under quasi-atmospheric oxygen levels, complete vaporization of the formed lead bromide was obtained at a temperature of only 650°C.
KW - Bromination-vaporization process
KW - Lead recovery
KW - Safe disposal of EAF dust
KW - WEEE utilization
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.07.028
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.07.028
M3 - Article
C2 - 23921179
AN - SCOPUS:84881226664
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 261
SP - 163
EP - 171
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
ER -