TY - JOUR
T1 - Formation of hot spots around small primordial black holes
AU - He, Minxi
AU - Kohri, Kazunori
AU - Mukaida, Kyohei
AU - Yamada, Masaki
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab.
PY - 2023/1/1
Y1 - 2023/1/1
N2 - In this paper, we investigate the thermalization of Hawking radiation from primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early Universe, taking into account the interference effect on thermalization of high energy particles, known as Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect. Small PBHs with masses ≲ 109 g completely evaporate before the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). The Hawking radiation emitted from these PBHs heats up the ambient plasma with temperature lower than the Hawking temperature, which results in a non-trivial temperature profile around the PBHs, namely a hot spot surrounding a PBH with a broken power-law tail. We find that the hot spot has a core with a radius much larger than the black hole horizon and its highest temperature is independent of the initial mass of the PBH such as 2 × 109 GeV × (α/0.1)19/3, where α generically represents the fine-structure constants. We also briefly discuss the implications of the existence of the hot spot for phenomenology.
AB - In this paper, we investigate the thermalization of Hawking radiation from primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early Universe, taking into account the interference effect on thermalization of high energy particles, known as Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect. Small PBHs with masses ≲ 109 g completely evaporate before the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). The Hawking radiation emitted from these PBHs heats up the ambient plasma with temperature lower than the Hawking temperature, which results in a non-trivial temperature profile around the PBHs, namely a hot spot surrounding a PBH with a broken power-law tail. We find that the hot spot has a core with a radius much larger than the black hole horizon and its highest temperature is independent of the initial mass of the PBH such as 2 × 109 GeV × (α/0.1)19/3, where α generically represents the fine-structure constants. We also briefly discuss the implications of the existence of the hot spot for phenomenology.
KW - particle physics - cosmology connection
KW - physics of the early universe
KW - primordial black holes
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U2 - 10.1088/1475-7516/2023/01/027
DO - 10.1088/1475-7516/2023/01/027
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85146903859
SN - 1475-7516
VL - 2023
JO - Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
JF - Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
IS - 1
M1 - 027
ER -