Global Atmospheric OCS Trend Analysis From 22 NDACC Stations

James W. Hannigan; Ivan Ortega; Shima Bahramvash Shams; Thomas Blumenstock; John Elliott Campbell; Stephanie Conway; Victoria Flood; Omaira Garcia; David Griffith; Michel Grutter; Frank Hase; Pascal Jeseck; Nicholas Jones; Emmanuel Mahieu; Maria Makarova; Martine De Mazière; Isamu Morino; Isao Murata; Toomo Nagahama; Hideaki Nakijima; Justus Notholt; Mathias Palm; Anatoliy Poberovskii; Markus Rettinger; John Robinson; Amelie N. Röhling; Matthias Schneider; Christian Servais; Dan Smale; Wolfgang Stremme; Kimberly Strong; Ralf Sussmann; Yao Te; Corinne Vigouroux; Tyler Wizenberg

doi:10.1029/2021JD035764

Global Atmospheric OCS Trend Analysis From 22 NDACC Stations

James W. Hannigan, Ivan Ortega, Shima Bahramvash Shams, Thomas Blumenstock, John Elliott Campbell, Stephanie Conway, Victoria Flood, Omaira Garcia, David Griffith, Michel Grutter, Frank Hase, Pascal Jeseck, Nicholas Jones, Emmanuel Mahieu, Maria Makarova, Martine De Mazière, Isamu Morino, Isao Murata, Toomo Nagahama, Hideaki NakijimaJustus Notholt, Mathias Palm, Anatoliy Poberovskii, Markus Rettinger, John Robinson, Amelie N. Röhling, Matthias Schneider, Christian Servais, Dan Smale, Wolfgang Stremme, Kimberly Strong, Ralf Sussmann, Yao Te, Corinne Vigouroux, Tyler Wizenberg

ENV - Frontier Science for Advanced Environment

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is a non-hygroscopic trace species in the free troposphere and a large sulfur reservoir maintained by both direct oceanic, geologic, biogenic, and anthropogenic emissions and the oxidation of other sulfur-containing source species. It is the largest source of sulfur transported to the stratosphere during volcanically quiescent periods. Data from 22 ground-based globally dispersed stations are used to derive trends in total and partial column OCS. Middle infrared spectral data are recorded by solar-viewing Fourier transform interferometers that are operated as part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change between 1986 and 2020. Vertical information in the retrieved profiles provides analysis of discreet altitudinal regions. Trends are found to have well-defined inflection points. In two linear trend time periods ∼2002 to 2008 and ∼2008 to 2016 tropospheric trends range from ∼0.0 to (1.55 ± 0.30%/yr) in contrast to the prior period where all tropospheric trends are negative. Regression analyses show strongest correlation in the free troposphere with anthropogenic emissions. Stratospheric trends in the period ∼2008 to 2016 are positive up to (1.93 ± 0.26%/yr) except notably low latitude stations that have negative stratospheric trends. Since ∼2016, all stations show a free tropospheric decrease to 2020. Stratospheric OCS is regressed with simultaneously measured N₂O to derive a trend accounting for dynamical variability. Stratospheric lifetimes are derived and range from (54.1 ± 9.7)yr in the sub-tropics to (103.4 ± 18.3)yr in Antarctica. These unique long-term measurements provide new and critical constraints on the global OCS budget.

Original language	English
Article number	e2021JD035764
Journal	Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Volume	127
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035764
Publication status	Published - 2022 Feb 27

Keywords

carbonyl sulfide
long term trends
remote sensing
stratosphere
troposphere

Access to Document

10.1029/2021JD035764

Cite this

Hannigan, J. W., Ortega, I., Shams, S. B., Blumenstock, T., Campbell, J. E., Conway, S., Flood, V., Garcia, O., Griffith, D., Grutter, M., Hase, F., Jeseck, P., Jones, N., Mahieu, E., Makarova, M., De Mazière, M., Morino, I., Murata, I., Nagahama, T., ... Wizenberg, T. (2022). Global Atmospheric OCS Trend Analysis From 22 NDACC Stations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 127(4), Article e2021JD035764. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035764

@article{e1b4ea66f0f94f6ba9399311fc0b0bee,

title = "Global Atmospheric OCS Trend Analysis From 22 NDACC Stations",

abstract = "Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is a non-hygroscopic trace species in the free troposphere and a large sulfur reservoir maintained by both direct oceanic, geologic, biogenic, and anthropogenic emissions and the oxidation of other sulfur-containing source species. It is the largest source of sulfur transported to the stratosphere during volcanically quiescent periods. Data from 22 ground-based globally dispersed stations are used to derive trends in total and partial column OCS. Middle infrared spectral data are recorded by solar-viewing Fourier transform interferometers that are operated as part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change between 1986 and 2020. Vertical information in the retrieved profiles provides analysis of discreet altitudinal regions. Trends are found to have well-defined inflection points. In two linear trend time periods ∼2002 to 2008 and ∼2008 to 2016 tropospheric trends range from ∼0.0 to (1.55 ± 0.30%/yr) in contrast to the prior period where all tropospheric trends are negative. Regression analyses show strongest correlation in the free troposphere with anthropogenic emissions. Stratospheric trends in the period ∼2008 to 2016 are positive up to (1.93 ± 0.26%/yr) except notably low latitude stations that have negative stratospheric trends. Since ∼2016, all stations show a free tropospheric decrease to 2020. Stratospheric OCS is regressed with simultaneously measured N2O to derive a trend accounting for dynamical variability. Stratospheric lifetimes are derived and range from (54.1 ± 9.7)yr in the sub-tropics to (103.4 ± 18.3)yr in Antarctica. These unique long-term measurements provide new and critical constraints on the global OCS budget.",

keywords = "carbonyl sulfide, long term trends, remote sensing, stratosphere, troposphere",

author = "Hannigan, {James W.} and Ivan Ortega and Shams, {Shima Bahramvash} and Thomas Blumenstock and Campbell, {John Elliott} and Stephanie Conway and Victoria Flood and Omaira Garcia and David Griffith and Michel Grutter and Frank Hase and Pascal Jeseck and Nicholas Jones and Emmanuel Mahieu and Maria Makarova and {De Mazi{\`e}re}, Martine and Isamu Morino and Isao Murata and Toomo Nagahama and Hideaki Nakijima and Justus Notholt and Mathias Palm and Anatoliy Poberovskii and Markus Rettinger and John Robinson and R{\"o}hling, {Amelie N.} and Matthias Schneider and Christian Servais and Dan Smale and Wolfgang Stremme and Kimberly Strong and Ralf Sussmann and Yao Te and Corinne Vigouroux and Tyler Wizenberg",

note = "Funding Information: The authors wish to thank S. Kremser (Bodeker Scientific Inc.) for many useful conversations concerning OCS and stratospheric aerosols. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The NCAR FTS observation programs at Thule, Greenland, Boulder, CO, USA and Mauna Loa, HI, USA are supported under contract by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Thule work is also supported by the NSF Office of Polar Programs (OPP). We wish to thank the Danish Meteorological Institute for support at the Thule site and NOAA for support at the MLO site. The Eureka measurements were made at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC), and the Toronto measurements were made at the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory (TAO); both are primarily supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). The Paris station has received funding from, Sorbonne Universit{\'e}; the French Research Center CNRS, the French Space Agency CNES, and R{\'e}gion {\^I}le‐de‐France. The Jungfraujoch FTIR monitoring program has received funding from the F.R.S.‐FNRS (under grants J.0147.18 and J.0126.21), the F{\'e}d{\'e}ration Wallonie‐Bruxelles, both in Brussels, Belgium, and from the GAW‐CH program of MeteoSwiss. EM is a senior research associate with F.R.S.‐FNRS. Alejandro Bezanilla is acknowledged for measurements and data managements of the Altzomoni Site and Alfredo Rodriguez, Delibes Flores, Omar Lopez, and Eugenia Gonzalez de Castillo are acknowledged for technical support. The Observations in Mexico are founded by the grants CONACYT‐290589 and PAPIIT‐IN111521. RUOA‐Network https://www.ruoa.unam.mx/ is acknowledged by supporting the infrastructure of the Altzomoni Observatory and the administration of the National Park Izta‐Popo Zoquiapan are acknowledged for hosting and supporting this site. KIT, IMK‐ASF would like to thank Uwe Raffalski and Peter Voelger from the Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF) for their continuing support of the NDACC FTIR site Kiruna. FTIR measurements at Lauder and Arrival Heights are core‐funded by NIWA (programme CAAC_2201) through New Zealand{\textquoteright}s Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment Strategic Science Investment Fund. We also thank Antarctica New Zealand for providing logistical support for the FTIR measurements at Arrival Heights. The University of Bremen team acknowledge the AWI Bremerhaven, Germany, and the personnel at the AWIPEV research base in Ny {\AA}lesund, Svalbard, for logistical and on‐site support. This publication has been supported by the senate of Bremen, the BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany) in the ROMIC‐II subproject TroStra (FKZ: 01LG1904A) and the DFG (German research foundation in the Transregio 172, Arctic Amplification, project number 268020496, subproject E02). The Iza{\~n}a FTIR station has been supported by the German Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) via DLR under grants 50EE1711A and by the Helmholtz Society via the research program ATMO. Operation at the Rikubetsu and Tsukuba sites are supported in part by the GOSAT series project. Analyses of the Rikubetsu and Tsukuba data were carried out as part of the ISEE joint research program. The University of Wollongong operates the NDACC site at Wollongong and is funded through grants from the Australian Research Council. The NDACC FTIR station Zugspitze has been supported by the German Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) via DLR under Grant 50EE1711D and by the Helmholtz Society via the research program ATMO. The measurements at Reunion Island have been also supported by the Universit{\'e} de La R{\'e}union and CNRS (LACy‐UMR8105 and UMS3365). FTIR data of SPbU were acquired using instrumentation facilities provided by the Geomodel Research Center of SPbU Research Park. These data are taken and processed under the NDACC IRWG data protocols, they are archived at the NDACC DHF at www.ndacc.org and are available to the public. Funding Information: The authors wish to thank S. Kremser (Bodeker Scientific Inc.) for many useful conversations concerning OCS and stratospheric aerosols. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The NCAR FTS observation programs at Thule, Greenland, Boulder, CO, USA and Mauna Loa, HI, USA are supported under contract by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Thule work is also supported by the NSF Office of Polar Programs (OPP). We wish to thank the Danish Meteorological Institute for support at the Thule site and NOAA for support at the MLO site. The Eureka measurements were made at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC), and the Toronto measurements were made at the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory (TAO); both are primarily supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). The Paris station has received funding from, Sorbonne Universit{\'e}; the French Research Center CNRS, the French Space Agency CNES, and R{\'e}gion {\^I}le-de-France. The Jungfraujoch FTIR monitoring program has received funding from the F.R.S.-FNRS (under grants J.0147.18 and J.0126.21), the F{\'e}d{\'e}ration Wallonie-Bruxelles, both in Brussels, Belgium, and from the GAW-CH program of MeteoSwiss. EM is a senior research associate with F.R.S.-FNRS. Alejandro Bezanilla is acknowledged for measurements and data managements of the Altzomoni Site and Alfredo Rodriguez, Delibes Flores, Omar Lopez, and Eugenia Gonzalez de Castillo are acknowledged for technical support. The Observations in Mexico are founded by the grants CONACYT-290589 and PAPIIT-IN111521. RUOA-Network https://www.ruoa.unam.mx/ is acknowledged by supporting the infrastructure of the Altzomoni Observatory and the administration of the National Park Izta-Popo Zoquiapan are acknowledged for hosting and supporting this site. KIT, IMK-ASF would like to thank Uwe Raffalski and Peter Voelger from the Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF) for their continuing support of the NDACC FTIR site Kiruna. FTIR measurements at Lauder and Arrival Heights are core-funded by NIWA (programme CAAC_2201) through New Zealand{\textquoteright}s Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment Strategic Science Investment Fund. We also thank Antarctica New Zealand for providing logistical support for the FTIR measurements at Arrival Heights. The University of Bremen team acknowledge the AWI Bremerhaven, Germany, and the personnel at the AWIPEV research base in Ny {\AA}lesund, Svalbard, for logistical and on-site support. This publication has been supported by the senate of Bremen, the BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany) in the ROMIC-II subproject TroStra (FKZ: 01LG1904A) and the DFG (German research foundation in the Transregio 172, Arctic Amplification, project number 268020496, subproject E02). The Iza{\~n}a FTIR station has been supported by the German Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) via DLR under grants 50EE1711A and by the Helmholtz Society via the research program ATMO. Operation at the Rikubetsu and Tsukuba sites are supported in part by the GOSAT series project. Analyses of the Rikubetsu and Tsukuba data were carried out as part of the ISEE joint research program. The University of Wollongong operates the NDACC site at Wollongong and is funded through grants from the Australian Research Council. The NDACC FTIR station Zugspitze has been supported by the German Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) via DLR under Grant 50EE1711D and by the Helmholtz Society via the research program ATMO. The measurements at Reunion Island have been also supported by the Universit{\'e} de La R{\'e}union and CNRS (LACy-UMR8105 and UMS3365). FTIR data of SPbU were acquired using instrumentation facilities provided by the Geomodel Research Center of SPbU Research Park. These data are taken and processed under the NDACC IRWG data protocols, they are archived at the NDACC DHF at www.ndacc.org and are available to the public. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",

year = "2022",

month = feb,

day = "27",

doi = "10.1029/2021JD035764",

language = "English",

volume = "127",

journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres",

issn = "2169-897X",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",

number = "4",

}

Hannigan, JW, Ortega, I, Shams, SB, Blumenstock, T, Campbell, JE, Conway, S, Flood, V, Garcia, O, Griffith, D, Grutter, M, Hase, F, Jeseck, P, Jones, N, Mahieu, E, Makarova, M, De Mazière, M, Morino, I, Murata, I, Nagahama, T, Nakijima, H, Notholt, J, Palm, M, Poberovskii, A, Rettinger, M, Robinson, J, Röhling, AN, Schneider, M, Servais, C, Smale, D, Stremme, W, Strong, K, Sussmann, R, Te, Y, Vigouroux, C & Wizenberg, T 2022, 'Global Atmospheric OCS Trend Analysis From 22 NDACC Stations', Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 127, no. 4, e2021JD035764. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035764

TY - JOUR

T1 - Global Atmospheric OCS Trend Analysis From 22 NDACC Stations

AU - Hannigan, James W.

AU - Ortega, Ivan

AU - Shams, Shima Bahramvash

AU - Blumenstock, Thomas

AU - Campbell, John Elliott

AU - Conway, Stephanie

AU - Flood, Victoria

AU - Garcia, Omaira

AU - Griffith, David

AU - Grutter, Michel

AU - Hase, Frank

AU - Jeseck, Pascal

AU - Jones, Nicholas

AU - Mahieu, Emmanuel

AU - Makarova, Maria

AU - De Mazière, Martine

AU - Morino, Isamu

AU - Murata, Isao

AU - Nagahama, Toomo

AU - Nakijima, Hideaki

AU - Notholt, Justus

AU - Palm, Mathias

AU - Poberovskii, Anatoliy

AU - Rettinger, Markus

AU - Robinson, John

AU - Röhling, Amelie N.

AU - Schneider, Matthias

AU - Servais, Christian

AU - Smale, Dan

AU - Stremme, Wolfgang

AU - Strong, Kimberly

AU - Sussmann, Ralf

AU - Te, Yao

AU - Vigouroux, Corinne

AU - Wizenberg, Tyler

N1 - Funding Information: The authors wish to thank S. Kremser (Bodeker Scientific Inc.) for many useful conversations concerning OCS and stratospheric aerosols. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The NCAR FTS observation programs at Thule, Greenland, Boulder, CO, USA and Mauna Loa, HI, USA are supported under contract by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Thule work is also supported by the NSF Office of Polar Programs (OPP). We wish to thank the Danish Meteorological Institute for support at the Thule site and NOAA for support at the MLO site. The Eureka measurements were made at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC), and the Toronto measurements were made at the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory (TAO); both are primarily supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). The Paris station has received funding from, Sorbonne Université; the French Research Center CNRS, the French Space Agency CNES, and Région Île‐de‐France. The Jungfraujoch FTIR monitoring program has received funding from the F.R.S.‐FNRS (under grants J.0147.18 and J.0126.21), the Fédération Wallonie‐Bruxelles, both in Brussels, Belgium, and from the GAW‐CH program of MeteoSwiss. EM is a senior research associate with F.R.S.‐FNRS. Alejandro Bezanilla is acknowledged for measurements and data managements of the Altzomoni Site and Alfredo Rodriguez, Delibes Flores, Omar Lopez, and Eugenia Gonzalez de Castillo are acknowledged for technical support. The Observations in Mexico are founded by the grants CONACYT‐290589 and PAPIIT‐IN111521. RUOA‐Network https://www.ruoa.unam.mx/ is acknowledged by supporting the infrastructure of the Altzomoni Observatory and the administration of the National Park Izta‐Popo Zoquiapan are acknowledged for hosting and supporting this site. KIT, IMK‐ASF would like to thank Uwe Raffalski and Peter Voelger from the Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF) for their continuing support of the NDACC FTIR site Kiruna. FTIR measurements at Lauder and Arrival Heights are core‐funded by NIWA (programme CAAC_2201) through New Zealand’s Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment Strategic Science Investment Fund. We also thank Antarctica New Zealand for providing logistical support for the FTIR measurements at Arrival Heights. The University of Bremen team acknowledge the AWI Bremerhaven, Germany, and the personnel at the AWIPEV research base in Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, for logistical and on‐site support. This publication has been supported by the senate of Bremen, the BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany) in the ROMIC‐II subproject TroStra (FKZ: 01LG1904A) and the DFG (German research foundation in the Transregio 172, Arctic Amplification, project number 268020496, subproject E02). The Izaña FTIR station has been supported by the German Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) via DLR under grants 50EE1711A and by the Helmholtz Society via the research program ATMO. Operation at the Rikubetsu and Tsukuba sites are supported in part by the GOSAT series project. Analyses of the Rikubetsu and Tsukuba data were carried out as part of the ISEE joint research program. The University of Wollongong operates the NDACC site at Wollongong and is funded through grants from the Australian Research Council. The NDACC FTIR station Zugspitze has been supported by the German Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) via DLR under Grant 50EE1711D and by the Helmholtz Society via the research program ATMO. The measurements at Reunion Island have been also supported by the Université de La Réunion and CNRS (LACy‐UMR8105 and UMS3365). FTIR data of SPbU were acquired using instrumentation facilities provided by the Geomodel Research Center of SPbU Research Park. These data are taken and processed under the NDACC IRWG data protocols, they are archived at the NDACC DHF at www.ndacc.org and are available to the public. Funding Information: The authors wish to thank S. Kremser (Bodeker Scientific Inc.) for many useful conversations concerning OCS and stratospheric aerosols. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The NCAR FTS observation programs at Thule, Greenland, Boulder, CO, USA and Mauna Loa, HI, USA are supported under contract by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Thule work is also supported by the NSF Office of Polar Programs (OPP). We wish to thank the Danish Meteorological Institute for support at the Thule site and NOAA for support at the MLO site. The Eureka measurements were made at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC), and the Toronto measurements were made at the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory (TAO); both are primarily supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). The Paris station has received funding from, Sorbonne Université; the French Research Center CNRS, the French Space Agency CNES, and Région Île-de-France. The Jungfraujoch FTIR monitoring program has received funding from the F.R.S.-FNRS (under grants J.0147.18 and J.0126.21), the Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, both in Brussels, Belgium, and from the GAW-CH program of MeteoSwiss. EM is a senior research associate with F.R.S.-FNRS. Alejandro Bezanilla is acknowledged for measurements and data managements of the Altzomoni Site and Alfredo Rodriguez, Delibes Flores, Omar Lopez, and Eugenia Gonzalez de Castillo are acknowledged for technical support. The Observations in Mexico are founded by the grants CONACYT-290589 and PAPIIT-IN111521. RUOA-Network https://www.ruoa.unam.mx/ is acknowledged by supporting the infrastructure of the Altzomoni Observatory and the administration of the National Park Izta-Popo Zoquiapan are acknowledged for hosting and supporting this site. KIT, IMK-ASF would like to thank Uwe Raffalski and Peter Voelger from the Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF) for their continuing support of the NDACC FTIR site Kiruna. FTIR measurements at Lauder and Arrival Heights are core-funded by NIWA (programme CAAC_2201) through New Zealand’s Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment Strategic Science Investment Fund. We also thank Antarctica New Zealand for providing logistical support for the FTIR measurements at Arrival Heights. The University of Bremen team acknowledge the AWI Bremerhaven, Germany, and the personnel at the AWIPEV research base in Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, for logistical and on-site support. This publication has been supported by the senate of Bremen, the BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany) in the ROMIC-II subproject TroStra (FKZ: 01LG1904A) and the DFG (German research foundation in the Transregio 172, Arctic Amplification, project number 268020496, subproject E02). The Izaña FTIR station has been supported by the German Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) via DLR under grants 50EE1711A and by the Helmholtz Society via the research program ATMO. Operation at the Rikubetsu and Tsukuba sites are supported in part by the GOSAT series project. Analyses of the Rikubetsu and Tsukuba data were carried out as part of the ISEE joint research program. The University of Wollongong operates the NDACC site at Wollongong and is funded through grants from the Australian Research Council. The NDACC FTIR station Zugspitze has been supported by the German Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) via DLR under Grant 50EE1711D and by the Helmholtz Society via the research program ATMO. The measurements at Reunion Island have been also supported by the Université de La Réunion and CNRS (LACy-UMR8105 and UMS3365). FTIR data of SPbU were acquired using instrumentation facilities provided by the Geomodel Research Center of SPbU Research Park. These data are taken and processed under the NDACC IRWG data protocols, they are archived at the NDACC DHF at www.ndacc.org and are available to the public. Publisher Copyright: © 2022. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

PY - 2022/2/27

Y1 - 2022/2/27

N2 - Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is a non-hygroscopic trace species in the free troposphere and a large sulfur reservoir maintained by both direct oceanic, geologic, biogenic, and anthropogenic emissions and the oxidation of other sulfur-containing source species. It is the largest source of sulfur transported to the stratosphere during volcanically quiescent periods. Data from 22 ground-based globally dispersed stations are used to derive trends in total and partial column OCS. Middle infrared spectral data are recorded by solar-viewing Fourier transform interferometers that are operated as part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change between 1986 and 2020. Vertical information in the retrieved profiles provides analysis of discreet altitudinal regions. Trends are found to have well-defined inflection points. In two linear trend time periods ∼2002 to 2008 and ∼2008 to 2016 tropospheric trends range from ∼0.0 to (1.55 ± 0.30%/yr) in contrast to the prior period where all tropospheric trends are negative. Regression analyses show strongest correlation in the free troposphere with anthropogenic emissions. Stratospheric trends in the period ∼2008 to 2016 are positive up to (1.93 ± 0.26%/yr) except notably low latitude stations that have negative stratospheric trends. Since ∼2016, all stations show a free tropospheric decrease to 2020. Stratospheric OCS is regressed with simultaneously measured N2O to derive a trend accounting for dynamical variability. Stratospheric lifetimes are derived and range from (54.1 ± 9.7)yr in the sub-tropics to (103.4 ± 18.3)yr in Antarctica. These unique long-term measurements provide new and critical constraints on the global OCS budget.

AB - Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is a non-hygroscopic trace species in the free troposphere and a large sulfur reservoir maintained by both direct oceanic, geologic, biogenic, and anthropogenic emissions and the oxidation of other sulfur-containing source species. It is the largest source of sulfur transported to the stratosphere during volcanically quiescent periods. Data from 22 ground-based globally dispersed stations are used to derive trends in total and partial column OCS. Middle infrared spectral data are recorded by solar-viewing Fourier transform interferometers that are operated as part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change between 1986 and 2020. Vertical information in the retrieved profiles provides analysis of discreet altitudinal regions. Trends are found to have well-defined inflection points. In two linear trend time periods ∼2002 to 2008 and ∼2008 to 2016 tropospheric trends range from ∼0.0 to (1.55 ± 0.30%/yr) in contrast to the prior period where all tropospheric trends are negative. Regression analyses show strongest correlation in the free troposphere with anthropogenic emissions. Stratospheric trends in the period ∼2008 to 2016 are positive up to (1.93 ± 0.26%/yr) except notably low latitude stations that have negative stratospheric trends. Since ∼2016, all stations show a free tropospheric decrease to 2020. Stratospheric OCS is regressed with simultaneously measured N2O to derive a trend accounting for dynamical variability. Stratospheric lifetimes are derived and range from (54.1 ± 9.7)yr in the sub-tropics to (103.4 ± 18.3)yr in Antarctica. These unique long-term measurements provide new and critical constraints on the global OCS budget.

KW - carbonyl sulfide

KW - long term trends

KW - remote sensing

KW - stratosphere

KW - troposphere

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85125132887&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85125132887&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1029/2021JD035764

DO - 10.1029/2021JD035764

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85125132887

SN - 2169-897X

VL - 127

JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

IS - 4

M1 - e2021JD035764

ER -

Global Atmospheric OCS Trend Analysis From 22 NDACC Stations

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