Grain boundary segregation in a bronze-route Nb₃Sn superconducting wire studied by atom probe tomography

Atom probe tomography was used to characterize the A15 phase in a bronze-route Nb₃Sn superconducting wire with a bronze matrix composition of Cu-8Sn-0.3Ti (in at.%). We observed depletion of niobium and segregation of Cu and Ti atoms at Nb₃Sn grain boundaries. While the Nb depletion is about 15% relative to the grain interior, the average ratio between Cu and Ti excess values is 9 to 2. Segregation extends to a distance d ∼ 9 Å from the point of maximum Cu and Ti concentrations. Such local variation in the stoichiometry at the grain boundary region can be an additional source of flux-pinning in the Nb₃Sn phase. Other microstructural parameters, such as the grain size and chemical composition of the Nb ₃Sn layer, were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.