TY - JOUR
T1 - Heatstroke risk predictions for current and near-future summers in Sendai, Japan, based on mesoscale WRF simulations
AU - Kasai, Masataka
AU - Okaze, Tsubasa
AU - Mochida, Akashi
AU - Hanaoka, Kazumasa
N1 - Funding Information:
(Project general manager: Ryozo Ooka) for discussions on future standard climate data. This study was Masataka Kasai performed the WRF simulations, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. Tsubasa Okaze supported by the JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (Grant Number 17H03349, project general
Funding Information:
Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, who provided MIROC4h data. The authors would like to thank the manager: Ryozo Ooka) for discussions on future standard climate data. This study was supported by the JSPS fire departments of Sendai, Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka and Fukuoka for providing emergency transport data. The
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2017/8/18
Y1 - 2017/8/18
N2 - The incidence of heatstroke has been increasing in Japan, and future climate change is likely to increase heatstroke risk. We therefore developed a method to quantify the spatial distribution of outdoor heatstroke risk and predicted future changes in this risk considering the predicted climate change in Sendai, Japan. Heatstroke risk was quantified by assessing hazard, vulnerability and exposure. Daily maximum wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was selected as the hazard index. The distribution of WBGT was predicted by mesoscale meteorological simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The relationship between daily maximum WBGT and the daily incidence rate was approximated by analyzing emergency transport data. This relationship was selected as the vulnerability index. Using the hazard and vulnerability indices, a spatial distribution of the monthly incidence rate was obtained. Finally, the total number of heatstroke patients per month was estimated by multiplying the monthly incidence rate by the population density. The outdoor heatstroke risk for August was then estimated for current (2000s) and near-future (2030s) climatic conditions in Sendai. WBGT at coastal areas in the 2030s increased owing to increases in humidity, while WBGT at inland areas increased owing to increases in air temperature. This increase in WBGT drove increases in heatstroke risk.
AB - The incidence of heatstroke has been increasing in Japan, and future climate change is likely to increase heatstroke risk. We therefore developed a method to quantify the spatial distribution of outdoor heatstroke risk and predicted future changes in this risk considering the predicted climate change in Sendai, Japan. Heatstroke risk was quantified by assessing hazard, vulnerability and exposure. Daily maximum wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was selected as the hazard index. The distribution of WBGT was predicted by mesoscale meteorological simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The relationship between daily maximum WBGT and the daily incidence rate was approximated by analyzing emergency transport data. This relationship was selected as the vulnerability index. Using the hazard and vulnerability indices, a spatial distribution of the monthly incidence rate was obtained. Finally, the total number of heatstroke patients per month was estimated by multiplying the monthly incidence rate by the population density. The outdoor heatstroke risk for August was then estimated for current (2000s) and near-future (2030s) climatic conditions in Sendai. WBGT at coastal areas in the 2030s increased owing to increases in humidity, while WBGT at inland areas increased owing to increases in air temperature. This increase in WBGT drove increases in heatstroke risk.
KW - Climate change
KW - Future prediction
KW - Global climate model
KW - Heatstroke risk
KW - Sendai
KW - Weather research and forecasting (WRF) model
KW - Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT)
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U2 - 10.3390/su9081467
DO - 10.3390/su9081467
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85027991614
SN - 2071-1050
VL - 9
JO - Sustainability (Switzerland)
JF - Sustainability (Switzerland)
IS - 8
M1 - 1467
ER -
