TY - JOUR
T1 - Information of valence charge of 3d transition metal elements observed in L-emission spectra
AU - Terauchi, Masami
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was partly supported by the Research Program of Dynamic Alliance for Open Innovation Bridging Human, Environment and Materials in Network Joint Research Centre for Materials and Devices.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Society of Microscopy. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
PY - 2019/8/6
Y1 - 2019/8/6
N2 - L-emission spectra of 3d transition metal elements from Sc to Zn and some oxides were measured to examine the relation between L-emission intensities of Lα, Lβ, Ĺ, and Lη and valences of those elements by using a soft X-ray emission spectrometer attached to a scanning electron microscope. Lα,β emission intensity due to transitions from valence bands to core 2p levels compared with Ĺ,η emission intensity due to transitions from core 3 s to deeper 2p levels, Lα,β/Ĺ,η was found to be a key parameter. A linear relation was found between the number of 3d electrons and the intensity ratio of Lα,β/(Lα,β+ Ĺ,η) from Sc to Ni, except for Cr. It takes into account not only a change in N3d but also a change of transition probability due to a change in N3d In the case of 3d metal oxides, the evaluation based on the equation showed an overestimation of the calculated number of 3d electrons, which could be due to a charge transfer from ligand oxygen atoms to the transition metal element, resulting from a core-hole effect in the intermediate state.
AB - L-emission spectra of 3d transition metal elements from Sc to Zn and some oxides were measured to examine the relation between L-emission intensities of Lα, Lβ, Ĺ, and Lη and valences of those elements by using a soft X-ray emission spectrometer attached to a scanning electron microscope. Lα,β emission intensity due to transitions from valence bands to core 2p levels compared with Ĺ,η emission intensity due to transitions from core 3 s to deeper 2p levels, Lα,β/Ĺ,η was found to be a key parameter. A linear relation was found between the number of 3d electrons and the intensity ratio of Lα,β/(Lα,β+ Ĺ,η) from Sc to Ni, except for Cr. It takes into account not only a change in N3d but also a change of transition probability due to a change in N3d In the case of 3d metal oxides, the evaluation based on the equation showed an overestimation of the calculated number of 3d electrons, which could be due to a charge transfer from ligand oxygen atoms to the transition metal element, resulting from a core-hole effect in the intermediate state.
KW - 3d transition element
KW - L emission
KW - soft X-ray emission spectroscopy
KW - valence charge
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U2 - 10.1093/jmicro/dfz020
DO - 10.1093/jmicro/dfz020
M3 - Article
C2 - 31087058
AN - SCOPUS:85070849261
SN - 2050-5698
VL - 68
SP - 330
EP - 337
JO - Microscopy (Oxford, England)
JF - Microscopy (Oxford, England)
IS - 4
ER -