Involvement of ASK1 in Ca²⁺ - Induced p38 MAP kinase activation

The mammalian mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a pivotal component in cytokine- and stress-induced apoptosis. It also regulates cell differentiation and survival through p38 MAP kinase activation. Here we show that Ca²⁺ signalling regulates the ASK1-p38 MAP kinase cascade. Ca²⁺ influx evoked by membrane depolarization in primary neurons and synaptosomes induced activation of p38, which was impaired in those derived from ASK1-deficient mice. Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMKII) activated ASK1 by phosphorylation. Moreover, p38 activation induced by the expression of constitutively active CaMKII required endogenous ASK1. Thus, ASK1 is a critical intermediate of Ca²⁺ signalling between CaMKII and p38 MAP kinase.