Lattice Boltzmann method for tsunami modeling part I: A review of the free-surface flow model

Tsunamis, though infrequent, wield devastating power on coastal regions, necessitating accurate simulation techniques to comprehend their impact and enhance disaster preparedness. Despite significant advances in modern computational fluid dynamics, these simulations continue to pose considerable challenges, including numerical intricacies and substantial computational costs. Owing to its remarkable computational efficiency and high performance, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is being increasingly used for simulating large-scale tsunamis. This review paper systematically surveys the application of the free-surface flow model using the LBM to simulate tsunamis, covering its theoretical underpinnings, numerical implementation, and validation against real-world events. Furthermore, the paper discusses challenges, limitations, and ongoing developments in the application of the LBM for tsunami simulations, elucidating avenues for future research. By amalgamating insights from diverse studies, this review underscores the role of the LBM as a tool for advancing our understanding of tsunamis and increasing coastal resilience.