@article{4a0b4c031a774f9d8c0be4be930e1778,
title = "Luminous quasars do not live in the most overdense regions of galaxies at z ∼ 4",
abstract = "We present the cross-correlation between 151 luminous quasars (MUV < -26) and 179 protocluster candidates at z ∼ 3.8, extracted from the Wide imaging survey (∼121 deg2) performed as part of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP). We find that only two out of 151 quasars reside in regions that are more overdense compared to the average field at >4 σ. The distributions of the distances between quasars and the nearest protoclusters and the significance of the overdensity at the positions of quasars are statistically identical to those found for g-dropout galaxies, suggesting that quasars tend to reside in almost the same environment as star-forming galaxies at this redshift. Using stacking analysis, we find that the average density of g-dropout galaxies around quasars is slightly higher than that around g-dropout galaxies on 1.0-2.5 pMpc scales, while at <0.5 pMpc that around quasars tends to be lower. We also find that quasars with higher UV luminosity or with more massive black holes tend to avoid the most overdense regions, and that the quasar near-zone sizes are anti-correlated with overdensity. These findings are consistent with a scenario in which luminous quasars at z ∼ 4 reside in structures that are less massive than those expected for the progenitors of today's rich clusters of galaxies, and possibly that luminous quasarsmay be suppressing star formation in their close vicinity.",
keywords = "Clusters, Evolution-galaxies, Formation-quasars, Galaxies, General-galaxies, General-surveys",
author = "Hisakazu Uchiyama and Jun Toshikawa and Nobunari Kashikawa and Roderik Overzier and Chiang, {Yi Kuan} and Murilo Marinello and Masayuki Tanaka and Yuu Niino and Shogo Ishikawa and Masafusa Onoue and Kohei Ichikawa and Masayuki Akiyama and Jean Coupon and Yuichi Harikane and Masatoshi Imanishi and Tadayuki Kodama and Yutaka Komiyama and Lee, {Chien Hsiu} and Lin, {Yen Ting} and Satoshi Miyazaki and Tohru Nagao and Nishizawa, {Atsushi J.} and Yoshiaki Ono and Masami Ouchi and Wang, {Shiang Yu}",
note = "Funding Information: Alvaro Orsi provided constructive comments and warm encouragement about AGN modeling in the semi-analytic model. Jim Bosch, Hisanori Furusawa, Robert H. Lupton, Sogo Mineo, and Naoki Yasuda provided helpful comments and discussions on the treatment of the HSC data. NK acknowledges support from JSPS grant 15H03645. This work was partially supported by the Overseas Travel Fund for Students (2016) of the Department of Astronomical Science, SOKENDAI (the Graduate University for Advanced Studies). MT is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP15K17617. Authors RO and YTL received support from CNPq ( 400738/2014-7). Funding Information: The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) have been made possible through contributions of the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, Queen{\textquoteright}s University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-1238877, the University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE), and the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Funding Information: The Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) collaboration includes the astronomical communities of Japan and Taiwan, and Princeton University. The HSC instrumentation and software were developed by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU), the University of Tokyo, the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), the Academia Sinica Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics in Taiwan (ASIAA), and Princeton University. Funding was contributed by the FIRST program from the Japanese Cabinet Office, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), the Toray Science Foundation, NAOJ, Kavli IPMU, KEK, ASIAA, and Princeton University. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Japan. All rights reserved.",
year = "2018",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1093/pasj/psx112",
language = "English",
volume = "70",
journal = "Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan",
issn = "0004-6264",
publisher = "Astronomical Society of Japan",
number = "Special Issue 1",
}