Microwave-energy distribution for reduction and decrystallization of titanium oxides

In this study, we examine the reduction behavior of TiO _2-x during microwave irradiation at the maximum point of the H field in a single-mode cavity (H-field irradiation). The reduction of TiO _2-x was greater and the decrease in the activation energy (Ea) for reduction was higher when microwave irradiation was used than when conventional heating was used. TiO _2-x was decrystallized and formed a nanodomain structure with a 510 nm particle size. From these results, we determined the amount of microwave energy distributed as activation, kinetic, and thermal energies.