Multifaceted analysis and integrated design for global supply chain of empty fruit bunch

The purpose of this study is the analysis and the integrated design of sustainable EFB (empty fruit bunch) supply chain from pelletizing to exporting. In this study, Malay Peninsula is set to be as an analytical target place, supply chain of EFB pellets as a biomass derived from oil palm are analyzed in different cases. In order to grasp the difference of the whole system performance in cases, a simple mill case and multiple mill case are prepared. Cases include two cases “EFB concentrated processing case” and “EFB distributed processing case”. Supply chain is composed with three sectors, resource, supply and demand, and this study analyzes the supply sector. Processes of the supply sector are extract, transport, dry, pelletize and ship. By differing the layout of the dry process before and after transport in two cases, case 1-d and case 1-w, influence of the difference in water content of biomass is evaluated in each case. Based from the retail analysis, CO₂ emission of EFB distributed processing case is 2.60 kg-CO₂/GJ-pellet and resource utilization rate of this case is 62%. By substituting coal by EFB pellets, 0.08 t-CO₂/GJ-pellet is reduced.