Observation of the Si (111)-7×7 reconstructed surface and fullerene molecule by the non-contact scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy

The Si(111)-7 × 7 reconstructed surface and fullerene (C ₆₀) molecules deposited on Si(111)-7×7 reconstructed surface were investigated by using a new technique called non-contact scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (NC-SNDM) under ultra-high vacuum conditions. A local atomic electric dipóle moment distribution of Si atoms on Si(111)-7 × 7 reconstructed surface was resolved. This is the first successful demonstration of direct atomic dipole moment observation achieved in the field of capacitance measurement. Furthermore, both topography and induced electric dipole moment of individual C₆₀ molecules as well as internal structure of the C₆₀ molecule were successfully resolved with atomic-scale resolution. The NC-SNDM technique can yield the internal structure of the C₆₀ molecule and the position where the charge transfer of the C₆₀ molecules occurs on the Si(111)-7 × 7 reconstructed surface.