Recent advances in animal cell technologies for industrial and medical applications

The industrial use of living organisms for bioproduction of valued substances has been accomplished mostly using microorganisms. To produce high-value bioproducts such as antibodies that require glycosylation modification for better performance, animal cells have been recently gaining attention in bioengineering because microorganisms are unsuitable for producing such substances. Furthermore, animal cells are now classified as products because a large number of cells are required for use in regenerative medicine. In this article, we review animal cell technologies and the use of animal cells, focusing on useable cell generation and large-scale production of animal cells. We review recent advance in mammalian cell line development because this is the first step in the production of recombinant proteins, and it largely affects the efficacy of the production. We next review genetic engineering technology focusing on CRISPR-Cas system as well as surrounding technologies as these methods have been gaining increasing attention in areas that use animal cells. We further review technologies relating to bioreactors used in the context of animal cells because they are essential for the mass production of target products. We also review tissue engineering technology because tissue engineering is one of the main exits for mass-produced cells; in combination with genetic engineering technology, it can prove to be a promising treatment for patients with genetic diseases after the establishment of induced pluripotent stem cell technology. The technologies highlighted in this review cover brief outline of the recent animal cell technologies related to industrial and medical applications.