Short GRB 160821B: A Reverse Shock, a Refreshed Shock, and a Well-sampled Kilonova

G. P. Lamb; N. R. Tanvir; A. J. Levan; A. De Ugarte Postigo; K. Kawaguchi; A. Corsi; P. A. Evans; B. Gompertz; D. B. Malesani; K. L. Page; K. Wiersema; S. Rosswog; M. Shibata; M. Tanaka; A. J.Van Der Horst; Z. Cano; J. P.U. Fynbo; A. S. Fruchter; J. Greiner; K. E. Heintz; A. Higgins; J. Hjorth; L. Izzo; P. Jakobsson; D. A. Kann; P. T. O'Brien; D. A. Perley; E. Pian; G. Pugliese; R. L.C. Starling; C. C. Thöne; D. Watson; R. A.M.J. Wijers; D. Xu

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab38bb

Short GRB 160821B: A Reverse Shock, a Refreshed Shock, and a Well-sampled Kilonova

G. P. Lamb, N. R. Tanvir, A. J. Levan, A. De Ugarte Postigo, K. Kawaguchi, A. Corsi, P. A. Evans, B. Gompertz, D. B. Malesani, K. L. Page, K. Wiersema, S. Rosswog, M. Shibata, M. Tanaka, A. J.Van Der Horst, Z. Cano, J. P.U. Fynbo, A. S. Fruchter, J. Greiner, K. E. HeintzA. Higgins, J. Hjorth, L. Izzo, P. Jakobsson, D. A. Kann, P. T. O'Brien, D. A. Perley, E. Pian, G. Pugliese, R. L.C. Starling, C. C. Thöne, D. Watson, R. A.M.J. Wijers, D. Xu

SCI - Astronomy

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Abstract

We report our identification of the optical afterglow and host galaxy of the short-duration gamma-ray burst sGRB 160821B. The spectroscopic redshift of the host is z = 0.162, making it one of the lowest redshift short-duration gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) identified by Swift. Our intensive follow-up campaign using a range of ground-based facilities as well as Hubble Space Telescope, XMM-Newton, and Swift, shows evidence for a late-time excess of optical and near-infrared emission in addition to a complex afterglow. The afterglow light curve at X-ray frequencies reveals a narrow jet, deg, that is refreshed at >1 day post-burst by a slower outflow with significantly more energy than the initial outflow that produced the main GRB. Observations of the 5 GHz radio afterglow shows a reverse shock into a mildly magnetized shell. The optical and near-infrared excess is fainter than AT2017gfo associated with GW170817, and is well explained by a kilonova with dynamic ejecta mass M _dyn = (1.0 ±0.6) ×10^-3 M _o and a secular (post-merger) ejecta mass with M _pm = (1.0 ±0.6) ×10^-2 M _o, consistent with a binary neutron star merger resulting in a short-lived massive neutron star. This optical and near-infrared data set provides the best-sampled kilonova light curve without a gravitational wave trigger to date.

Original language	English
Article number	48
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	883
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab38bb
Publication status	Published - 2019 Sept 20

Keywords

gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB 160821B)
stars: neutron

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.3847/1538-4357/ab38bb

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Lamb, G. P., Tanvir, N. R., Levan, A. J., Postigo, A. D. U., Kawaguchi, K., Corsi, A., Evans, P. A., Gompertz, B., Malesani, D. B., Page, K. L., Wiersema, K., Rosswog, S., Shibata, M., Tanaka, M., Horst, A. J. V. D., Cano, Z., Fynbo, J. P. U., Fruchter, A. S., Greiner, J., ... Xu, D. (2019). Short GRB 160821B: A Reverse Shock, a Refreshed Shock, and a Well-sampled Kilonova. Astrophysical Journal, 883(1), [48]. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab38bb

Lamb, GP, Tanvir, NR, Levan, AJ, Postigo, ADU, Kawaguchi, K, Corsi, A, Evans, PA, Gompertz, B, Malesani, DB, Page, KL, Wiersema, K, Rosswog, S, Shibata, M, Tanaka, M, Horst, AJVD, Cano, Z, Fynbo, JPU, Fruchter, AS, Greiner, J, Heintz, KE, Higgins, A, Hjorth, J, Izzo, L, Jakobsson, P, Kann, DA, O'Brien, PT, Perley, DA, Pian, E, Pugliese, G, Starling, RLC, Thöne, CC, Watson, D, Wijers, RAMJ & Xu, D 2019, 'Short GRB 160821B: A Reverse Shock, a Refreshed Shock, and a Well-sampled Kilonova', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 883, no. 1, 48. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab38bb

@article{32e9c682252a4523a48b12eb27b550c0,

title = "Short GRB 160821B: A Reverse Shock, a Refreshed Shock, and a Well-sampled Kilonova",

abstract = "We report our identification of the optical afterglow and host galaxy of the short-duration gamma-ray burst sGRB 160821B. The spectroscopic redshift of the host is z = 0.162, making it one of the lowest redshift short-duration gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) identified by Swift. Our intensive follow-up campaign using a range of ground-based facilities as well as Hubble Space Telescope, XMM-Newton, and Swift, shows evidence for a late-time excess of optical and near-infrared emission in addition to a complex afterglow. The afterglow light curve at X-ray frequencies reveals a narrow jet, deg, that is refreshed at >1 day post-burst by a slower outflow with significantly more energy than the initial outflow that produced the main GRB. Observations of the 5 GHz radio afterglow shows a reverse shock into a mildly magnetized shell. The optical and near-infrared excess is fainter than AT2017gfo associated with GW170817, and is well explained by a kilonova with dynamic ejecta mass M dyn = (1.0 ±0.6) ×10-3 M o and a secular (post-merger) ejecta mass with M pm = (1.0 ±0.6) ×10-2 M o, consistent with a binary neutron star merger resulting in a short-lived massive neutron star. This optical and near-infrared data set provides the best-sampled kilonova light curve without a gravitational wave trigger to date.",

keywords = "gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB 160821B), stars: neutron",

author = "Lamb, {G. P.} and Tanvir, {N. R.} and Levan, {A. J.} and Postigo, {A. De Ugarte} and K. Kawaguchi and A. Corsi and Evans, {P. A.} and B. Gompertz and Malesani, {D. B.} and Page, {K. L.} and K. Wiersema and S. Rosswog and M. Shibata and M. Tanaka and Horst, {A. J.Van Der} and Z. Cano and Fynbo, {J. P.U.} and Fruchter, {A. S.} and J. Greiner and Heintz, {K. E.} and A. Higgins and J. Hjorth and L. Izzo and P. Jakobsson and Kann, {D. A.} and O'Brien, {P. T.} and Perley, {D. A.} and E. Pian and G. Pugliese and Starling, {R. L.C.} and Th{\"o}ne, {C. C.} and D. Watson and Wijers, {R. A.M.J.} and D. Xu",

note = "Funding Information: 2019-09-20 2019-09-19 13:14:48 cgi/release: Article released bin/incoming: New from .zip European Research Council 725246 Science Technology and Facilities Council ST/P000495/1 ST/N000757/1 VILLUM FONDEN 16599 National Science Foundation CAREER award 1455090 Spanish research project AYA2014-58381-P Spanish research project AYA2017-89384-P Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa SEV-2017-0709 Ramon y Cajal fellowships RyC-2012-09975 RyC-2012-09984 Juan de la Cierva Incorporaci{\' } on fellowships JdCI-2014-21669 IJCI-2016- 30940 IJCI-2015-26153 The Icelandic Research Fund 162948-051 Swedish Research Council 016-036573 Swedish National Space Board Dnr107/16 Research Environment Grant Dnr 2016- 06012 ASI/INAF I/088/06/0 yes Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.",

year = "2019",

month = sep,

day = "20",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ab38bb",

language = "English",

volume = "883",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Short GRB 160821B

T2 - A Reverse Shock, a Refreshed Shock, and a Well-sampled Kilonova

AU - Lamb, G. P.

AU - Tanvir, N. R.

AU - Levan, A. J.

AU - Postigo, A. De Ugarte

AU - Kawaguchi, K.

AU - Corsi, A.

AU - Evans, P. A.

AU - Gompertz, B.

AU - Malesani, D. B.

AU - Page, K. L.

AU - Wiersema, K.

AU - Rosswog, S.

AU - Shibata, M.

AU - Tanaka, M.

AU - Horst, A. J.Van Der

AU - Cano, Z.

AU - Fynbo, J. P.U.

AU - Fruchter, A. S.

AU - Greiner, J.

AU - Heintz, K. E.

AU - Higgins, A.

AU - Hjorth, J.

AU - Izzo, L.

AU - Jakobsson, P.

AU - Kann, D. A.

AU - O'Brien, P. T.

AU - Perley, D. A.

AU - Pian, E.

AU - Pugliese, G.

AU - Starling, R. L.C.

AU - Thöne, C. C.

AU - Watson, D.

AU - Wijers, R. A.M.J.

AU - Xu, D.

N1 - Funding Information: 2019-09-20 2019-09-19 13:14:48 cgi/release: Article released bin/incoming: New from .zip European Research Council 725246 Science Technology and Facilities Council ST/P000495/1 ST/N000757/1 VILLUM FONDEN 16599 National Science Foundation CAREER award 1455090 Spanish research project AYA2014-58381-P Spanish research project AYA2017-89384-P Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa SEV-2017-0709 Ramon y Cajal fellowships RyC-2012-09975 RyC-2012-09984 Juan de la Cierva Incorporaci ́ on fellowships JdCI-2014-21669 IJCI-2016- 30940 IJCI-2015-26153 The Icelandic Research Fund 162948-051 Swedish Research Council 016-036573 Swedish National Space Board Dnr107/16 Research Environment Grant Dnr 2016- 06012 ASI/INAF I/088/06/0 yes Publisher Copyright: © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

PY - 2019/9/20

Y1 - 2019/9/20

N2 - We report our identification of the optical afterglow and host galaxy of the short-duration gamma-ray burst sGRB 160821B. The spectroscopic redshift of the host is z = 0.162, making it one of the lowest redshift short-duration gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) identified by Swift. Our intensive follow-up campaign using a range of ground-based facilities as well as Hubble Space Telescope, XMM-Newton, and Swift, shows evidence for a late-time excess of optical and near-infrared emission in addition to a complex afterglow. The afterglow light curve at X-ray frequencies reveals a narrow jet, deg, that is refreshed at >1 day post-burst by a slower outflow with significantly more energy than the initial outflow that produced the main GRB. Observations of the 5 GHz radio afterglow shows a reverse shock into a mildly magnetized shell. The optical and near-infrared excess is fainter than AT2017gfo associated with GW170817, and is well explained by a kilonova with dynamic ejecta mass M dyn = (1.0 ±0.6) ×10-3 M o and a secular (post-merger) ejecta mass with M pm = (1.0 ±0.6) ×10-2 M o, consistent with a binary neutron star merger resulting in a short-lived massive neutron star. This optical and near-infrared data set provides the best-sampled kilonova light curve without a gravitational wave trigger to date.

AB - We report our identification of the optical afterglow and host galaxy of the short-duration gamma-ray burst sGRB 160821B. The spectroscopic redshift of the host is z = 0.162, making it one of the lowest redshift short-duration gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) identified by Swift. Our intensive follow-up campaign using a range of ground-based facilities as well as Hubble Space Telescope, XMM-Newton, and Swift, shows evidence for a late-time excess of optical and near-infrared emission in addition to a complex afterglow. The afterglow light curve at X-ray frequencies reveals a narrow jet, deg, that is refreshed at >1 day post-burst by a slower outflow with significantly more energy than the initial outflow that produced the main GRB. Observations of the 5 GHz radio afterglow shows a reverse shock into a mildly magnetized shell. The optical and near-infrared excess is fainter than AT2017gfo associated with GW170817, and is well explained by a kilonova with dynamic ejecta mass M dyn = (1.0 ±0.6) ×10-3 M o and a secular (post-merger) ejecta mass with M pm = (1.0 ±0.6) ×10-2 M o, consistent with a binary neutron star merger resulting in a short-lived massive neutron star. This optical and near-infrared data set provides the best-sampled kilonova light curve without a gravitational wave trigger to date.

KW - gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB 160821B)

KW - stars: neutron

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DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab38bb

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SN - 0004-637X

VL - 883

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

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ER -

Short GRB 160821B: A Reverse Shock, a Refreshed Shock, and a Well-sampled Kilonova

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