TY - JOUR
T1 - Single-cell RNA-seq public data reveal the gene regulatory network landscape of respiratory epithelial and peripheral immune cells in COVID-19 patients
AU - Zhang, Lin
AU - Nishi, Hafumi
AU - Kinoshita, Kengo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Nishi and Kinoshita.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Introduction: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. However, its comprehensive influence on pathological immune responses in the respiratory epithelium and peripheral immune cells is not yet fully understood. Methods: In this study, we analyzed multiple public scRNA-seq datasets of nasopharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood to investigate the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients with mild/moderate and severe disease, respectively. Cell-cell communication networks among cell types were also inferred. Finally, validations were conducted using bulk RNA-seq and proteome data. Results: Similar and dissimilar regulons were identified within or between epithelial and immune cells during COVID-19 severity progression. The relative transcription factors (TFs) and their targets were used to construct GRNs among different infection sites and conditions. Between respiratory epithelial and peripheral immune cells, different TFs tended to be used to regulate the activity of a cell between healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients, although they had some TFs in common. For example, XBP1, FOS, STAT1, and STAT2 were activated in both the epithelial and immune cells of virus-infected individuals. In contrast, severe COVID-19 cases exhibited activation of CEBPD in peripheral immune cells, while CEBPB was exclusively activated in respiratory epithelial cells. Moreover, in patients with severe COVID-19, although some inflammatory genes, such as S100A8/A9, were found to be upregulated in both respiratory epithelial and peripheral immune cells, their relative regulators can differ in terms of cell types. The cell-cell communication analysis suggested that epidermal growth factor receptor signaling among epithelia contributes to mild/moderate disease, and chemokine signaling among immune cells contributes to severe disease. Conclusion: This study identified cell type- and condition-specific regulons in a wide range of cell types from the initial infection site to the peripheral blood, and clarified the diverse mechanisms of maladaptive responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
AB - Introduction: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. However, its comprehensive influence on pathological immune responses in the respiratory epithelium and peripheral immune cells is not yet fully understood. Methods: In this study, we analyzed multiple public scRNA-seq datasets of nasopharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood to investigate the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients with mild/moderate and severe disease, respectively. Cell-cell communication networks among cell types were also inferred. Finally, validations were conducted using bulk RNA-seq and proteome data. Results: Similar and dissimilar regulons were identified within or between epithelial and immune cells during COVID-19 severity progression. The relative transcription factors (TFs) and their targets were used to construct GRNs among different infection sites and conditions. Between respiratory epithelial and peripheral immune cells, different TFs tended to be used to regulate the activity of a cell between healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients, although they had some TFs in common. For example, XBP1, FOS, STAT1, and STAT2 were activated in both the epithelial and immune cells of virus-infected individuals. In contrast, severe COVID-19 cases exhibited activation of CEBPD in peripheral immune cells, while CEBPB was exclusively activated in respiratory epithelial cells. Moreover, in patients with severe COVID-19, although some inflammatory genes, such as S100A8/A9, were found to be upregulated in both respiratory epithelial and peripheral immune cells, their relative regulators can differ in terms of cell types. The cell-cell communication analysis suggested that epidermal growth factor receptor signaling among epithelia contributes to mild/moderate disease, and chemokine signaling among immune cells contributes to severe disease. Conclusion: This study identified cell type- and condition-specific regulons in a wide range of cell types from the initial infection site to the peripheral blood, and clarified the diverse mechanisms of maladaptive responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
KW - COVID-19
KW - gene regulatory network
KW - peripheral immune cell
KW - respiratory epithelial cell
KW - single-cell RNA-seq
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85175844847&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85175844847&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194614
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194614
M3 - Article
C2 - 37936693
AN - SCOPUS:85175844847
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 14
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
JF - Frontiers in Immunology
M1 - 1194614
ER -