Suppression by adrenoceptor beta-agonists of vascular permeability increase and edema formation induced by arachidonate metabolites, platelet-activating factor, and tumor-promoting phorbol ester TPA

Air-pouch-type inflammation was induced by injecting sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution containing leukotriene C₄ (LTC₄, 3.20 × 10^-7 M, 0.2 μg/ml) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂, 5.68 × 10^-6 M, 2.0 μg/ml), platelet-activating factor (PAF, 1 × 10^-6 M, 0.52 μg/ml), or 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA, 1.62 × 10^-6 M, 1.0 μg/ml) into an air pouch made on the dorsum of rats. Vascular permeability and tissue edema formation were significantly increased by injecting the phlogogen solution. The histamine level in the pouch fluid was dramatically increased by injecting TPA but not by LTC₄ and PGE₂, or PAF. Injection of isoproterenol or procaterol with the phlogogen solution produced dose-dependent suppression of both vascular permeability increase and tissue edema formation. However, the TPA-induced increase in the histamine level was not suppressed in parallel with the decrease of vascular permeability or tissue edema formation. These results indicate that beta-agonists suppress vascular permeability response and local tissue edema formation not by inhibiting mast cell degranulation, but by inhibiting the reactivity of the local vasculature to chemical mediators such as arachidonate metabolites, PAF, and histamine and serotonin released from mast cells.