Syndecan 4 regulation of the development of autoimmune arthritis in mice by modulating B cell migration and germinal center formation

Objective Syndecan 4 has been implicated as a critical mediator of inflammatory responses because of its functions as a coreceptor and reservoir for growth factors and chemokines. Although syndecan 4 is known to be expressed on B cells, its role in immune responses remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of syndecan 4 to the development of immune arthritis in murine models. Methods The clinical severity of 3 immunopathologically distinct models, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), antigen-induced arthritis (AIA), and collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA), was evaluated in wild-type (WT) mice and in syndecan 4-deficient (Sdc4^-/-) mice. Germinal center (GC) formation, B cell profiles, humoral immune responses, and B cell migration were analyzed during the course of CIA. Results Sdc4^-/- mice were resistant to the induction of CIA, which is T cell and B cell dependent, but AIA and CAIA, which are T cell dependent and T cell independent, respectively, occurred with equal frequency in WT mice and Sdc4^-/- mice. Furthermore, Sdc4^-/- mice had reduced numbers of B cells and deficient GC formation in draining lymph nodes (DLNs) during the course of CIA, resulting in reduced production of collagen-specific autoantibodies. Compared with B cells from WT mice, B cells from Sdc4^-/- mice showed reduced chemotactic migration toward stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and reduced SDF-1-mediated Akt phosphorylation. Consistent with these findings, in vivo transfer experiments showed that fewer Sdc4^-/- B cells than WT B cells were found in and around the follicles in the DLNs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that syndecan 4 contributes to the development of CIA by promoting GC formation and autoantibody production through its regulation of SDF-1-mediated B cell migration.