Synthesis and application of novel functional molecules by inner and outer control of fullerenyl cage focused on the spherical reaction sites

Various types of functionalized fullerenes have been widely developed by considering unique reactivities of the spherical reaction sites; such as not only the enhanced reactivity due to the curved and thus strained C=C double bonds, but also the multiple addition and its electronic control for the selective monoaddition, the regioselectivity controls by spherical π-conjugation and by twisted C=C double bond, the unprecedented substitution mechanism, the highly symmetrical multiple addition via fullerene anion, and the drastic reactivity change by ion encapsulation. The derivatives also proved effective against many potential applications to CMP polishing slurry, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent, resist materials, n-type materials for organic photovoltaics, and more.