TY - JOUR
T1 - Synthesis of potassium sodium niobate powders using an EDTA/citrate complexing sol-gel method
AU - Cao, Yang
AU - Zhu, Kongjun
AU - Zheng, Hongjuan
AU - Qiu, Jinhao
AU - Gu, Honghui
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC No. 51172108 ), Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Teams in Universities ( IRT0968 ), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities ( NCET-10-0070 ), a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , and Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Research Fund for Fundamental Research ( NJ2010010 , NZ2010001 ).
PY - 2012/12
Y1 - 2012/12
N2 - Potassium sodium niobate (KNN) powders were synthesized by a modified sol-gel method, using as starting chemicals potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and niobium hydroxide, and, as esterification and chelating agents, respectively, ethylene glycol (EG) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)/citrate. The effects of citric acid (CA), EG, and EDTA on the stability of the precursor sol were systemically investigated. The powders and gels were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC). The results indicated that a stable precursor sol was formed when n(CA):n(Mn+) = 3:1, n(EDTA):n(NH4OH) = 1:3.5, and n(CA):n(EG) = 1:2. The xerogel was calcined at 500-950 °C to prepare the KNN powder. Pure KNN perovskite phase with a cube-like structure was synthesized at 850 °C from the precursor sol for a K/Na molar ratio of 1.2. The formation mechanism of the KNN perovskite phase was also discussed.
AB - Potassium sodium niobate (KNN) powders were synthesized by a modified sol-gel method, using as starting chemicals potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and niobium hydroxide, and, as esterification and chelating agents, respectively, ethylene glycol (EG) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)/citrate. The effects of citric acid (CA), EG, and EDTA on the stability of the precursor sol were systemically investigated. The powders and gels were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC). The results indicated that a stable precursor sol was formed when n(CA):n(Mn+) = 3:1, n(EDTA):n(NH4OH) = 1:3.5, and n(CA):n(EG) = 1:2. The xerogel was calcined at 500-950 °C to prepare the KNN powder. Pure KNN perovskite phase with a cube-like structure was synthesized at 850 °C from the precursor sol for a K/Na molar ratio of 1.2. The formation mechanism of the KNN perovskite phase was also discussed.
KW - (KNa)NbO
KW - EDTA/citrate
KW - Sol-gel
KW - Submicron powder
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U2 - 10.1016/j.partic.2012.03.007
DO - 10.1016/j.partic.2012.03.007
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84870531690
SN - 1674-2001
VL - 10
SP - 777
EP - 782
JO - Particuology
JF - Particuology
IS - 6
ER -