@article{37456ac0ab0a4bdfb2cc1c1e9e3075df,
title = "Temporal and Spatial Correspondence of Pc1/EMIC Waves and Relativistic Electron Precipitations Observed With Ground-Based Multi-Instruments on 27 March 2017",
abstract = "Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves potentially cause precipitation loss of relativistic electrons from the outer radiation belt to the atmosphere through pitch angle scattering. However, the direct evidence of each EMIC wave element and burst of precipitation has not yet been reported. Here we show the temporal and spatial correspondence of the EMIC waves with relativistic electron precipitation (REP) during the geomagnetic storm of 27 March 2017. EMIC waves were observed at several stations in North America. REP was detected as a decrease of subionospheric radio amplitudes observed at Athabasca, Canada. When isolated proton aurora, observed at Athabasca, appeared on the radio propagation path, we found a good correspondence between the temporal variations of REP and EMIC waves, and REP preceded EMIC waves by 24 s. This time lag is consistent with the travel time difference between relativistic electrons and EMIC waves from the magnetospheric equatorial plane to the ionosphere.",
keywords = "EMIC waves, energetic electron precipitation, subionosheric propagation",
author = "A. Hirai and F. Tsuchiya and T. Obara and Y. Kasaba and Y. Katoh and H. Misawa and K. Shiokawa and Y. Miyoshi and S. Kurita and S. Matsuda and M. Connors and T. Nagatsuma and K. Sakaguchi and Y. Kasahara and A. Kumamoto and A. Matsuoka and M. Shoji and I. Shinohara and Albert, {J. M.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (20740281, 15H05815, 15H05747, 16H06286, and 18H03727). This work was carried out by the joint research program of the Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, (ISEE), Nagoya University, and the Interuniversity Upper atmosphere Global Observation NETwork (IUGONET) project funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. The VLF and LF data (subiono-spheric propagation) used in this paper are opened through Planetary Plasma and Atmospheric Research Center (PPARC), Tohoku University (http://c.gp. tohoku.ac.jp/lf/). We thank NASA for contract NAS5-02099 and S. Mende and E. Donovan for use of the ASI data. The induction search coil magnetometer at Athabasca is opened through ISEE, Nagoya University, in facilities funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation. Digital data are available through the ERG Science Center operated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science of the Japan Aerospace eXploration Agency (ISAS/ JAXA) and ISEE, Nagoya University (https://ergsc.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/index. shtml.en). We thank I. R. Mann, D. K. Milling, and the rest of the CARISMA team for induction search coil magnetometer data. CARISMA is operated by the University of Alberta, funded by the Canadian Space Agency. The Dst data are provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto. The ERG (Arase) satellite science data were provided by the ERG Science Centre. PWE/HFA L3 ver00.02 was used for the electron density data. The Arase satellite data will be publicly available via ERG Science Center on a project-agreed schedule. Funding Information: This work was supported by JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (20740281, 15H05815, 15H05747, 16H06286, and 18H03727). This work was carried out by the joint research program of the Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, (ISEE), Nagoya University, and the Interuniversity Upper atmosphere Global Observation NETwork (IUGONET) project funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. The VLF and LF data (subionospheric propagation) used in this paper are opened through Planetary Plasma and Atmospheric Research Center (PPARC), Tohoku University (http://c.gp.tohoku.ac.jp/lf/). We thank NASA for contract NAS5-02099 and S. Mende and E. Donovan for use of the ASI data. The induction search coil magnetometer at Athabasca is opened through ISEE, Nagoya University, in facilities funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation. Digital data are available through the ERG Science Center operated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science of the Japan Aerospace eXploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA) and ISEE, Nagoya University (https://ergsc.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/index.shtml.en). We thank I. R. Mann, D. K. Milling, and the rest of the CARISMA team for induction search coil magnetometer data. CARISMA is operated by the University of Alberta, funded by the Canadian Space Agency. The Dst data are provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto. The ERG (Arase) satellite science data were provided by the ERG Science Centre. PWE/HFA L3 ver00.02 was used for the electron density data. The Arase satellite data will be publicly available via ERG Science Center on a project-agreed schedule. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2018",
month = dec,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1029/2018GL080126",
language = "English",
volume = "45",
pages = "13,182--13,191",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "24",
}