@article{0b2ca52813bb4162843b10eb19341bfb,
title = "The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) of Three Spectrometers for the ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter",
abstract = "The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) package is an element of the Russian contribution to the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) mission. ACS consists of three separate infrared spectrometers, sharing common mechanical, electrical, and thermal interfaces. This ensemble of spectrometers has been designed and developed in response to the Trace Gas Orbiter mission objectives that specifically address the requirement of high sensitivity instruments to enable the unambiguous detection of trace gases of potential geophysical or biological interest. For this reason, ACS embarks a set of instruments achieving simultaneously very high accuracy (ppt level), very high resolving power (>10,000) and large spectral coverage (0.7 to 17 μm—the visible to thermal infrared range). The near-infrared (NIR) channel is a versatile spectrometer covering the 0.7–1.6 μm spectral range with a resolving power of ∼20,000. NIR employs the combination of an echelle grating with an AOTF (Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter) as diffraction order selector. This channel will be mainly operated in solar occultation and nadir, and can also perform limb observations. The scientific goals of NIR are the measurements of water vapor, aerosols, and dayside or night side airglows. The mid-infrared (MIR) channel is a cross-dispersion echelle instrument dedicated to solar occultation measurements in the 2.2–4.4 μm range. MIR achieves a resolving power of >50,000. It has been designed to accomplish the most sensitive measurements ever of the trace gases present in the Martian atmosphere. The thermal-infrared channel (TIRVIM) is a 2-inch double pendulum Fourier-transform spectrometer encompassing the spectral range of 1.7–17 μm with apodized resolution varying from 0.2 to 1.3 cm−1. TIRVIM is primarily dedicated to profiling temperature from the surface up to ∼60 km and to monitor aerosol abundance in nadir. TIRVIM also has a limb and solar occultation capability. The technical concept of the instrument, its accommodation on the spacecraft, the optical designs as well as some of the calibrations, and the expected performances for its three channels are described.",
keywords = "Atmosphere, Cross-dispersion, Echelle, Fourier-spectrometer, High-resolution spectrometer, Mars",
author = "O. Korablev and F. Montmessin and A. Trokhimovskiy and Fedorova, {A. A.} and Shakun, {A. V.} and Grigoriev, {A. V.} and Moshkin, {B. E.} and Ignatiev, {N. I.} and F. Forget and F. Lef{\`e}vre and K. Anufreychik and I. Dzuban and Ivanov, {Y. S.} and Kalinnikov, {Y. K.} and Kozlova, {T. O.} and A. Kungurov and V. Makarov and F. Martynovich and I. Maslov and D. Merzlyakov and Moiseev, {P. P.} and Y. Nikolskiy and A. Patrakeev and D. Patsaev and A. Santos-Skripko and O. Sazonov and N. Semena and A. Semenov and V. Shashkin and A. Sidorov and Stepanov, {A. V.} and I. Stupin and D. Timonin and Titov, {A. Y.} and A. Viktorov and A. Zharkov and F. Altieri and G. Arnold and Belyaev, {D. A.} and Bertaux, {J. L.} and Betsis, {D. S.} and N. Duxbury and T. Encrenaz and T. Fouchet and G{\'e}rard, {J. C.} and D. Grassi and S. Guerlet and P. Hartogh and Y. Kasaba and I. Khatuntsev and Krasnopolsky, {V. A.} and Kuzmin, {R. O.} and E. Lellouch and Lopez-Valverde, {M. A.} and M. Luginin and A. M{\"a}{\"a}tt{\"a}nen and E. Marcq and {Martin Torres}, J. and Medvedev, {A. S.} and E. Millour and Olsen, {K. S.} and Patel, {M. R.} and C. Quantin-Nataf and Rodin, {A. V.} and Shematovich, {V. I.} and I. Thomas and N. Thomas and L. Vazquez and M. Vincendon and V. Wilquet and Wilson, {C. F.} and Zasova, {L. V.} and Zelenyi, {L. M.} and Zorzano, {M. P.}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements ExoMars is a space mission by ESA and Roscosmos. The development and fabrication of ACS was funded by Roscosmos with contributions from LATMOS (France) funded by CNES. Science operations are funded by Roscosmos and ESA. AAF, NII, DAB, JLB, DSB, ML acknowledge the grant #14.W03.31.0017 of Ministry for Education and Science of Russian Federation for science support of the ACS experiment. AT, AVS, and BEM acknowledge support from Russian Science Foundation (grant RSF 16-12-10453), which enabled assessment of measurement characteristics of the instrument and the associated modeling. LMZ acknowledges RSF funding (grant RSF 16-42-01103). Other authors affiliated with IKI acknowledge FANO, contracts 0120.06 02993 (0028-2014-0004) and 0120.03 03422 (0028-2014-0007). MRP acknowledges funding under the UK Space Agency grant ST/I003061/1 and ST/P001262/1. LV acknowledges the support of Ministerio de Econom{\'i}a y Competitividad of Spain under project ESP2016-79135-R. We are grateful to Richard Zurek and an anonymous reviewer for useful comments and suggestions, which helped improving this paper. We thank Sylvain Cnudde, Evgeny Germanyuk, and Ekaterina Korableva for help in rendering graphics. We also express our sincere gratitude to the space agencies, countries, companies, and project teams who made the ExoMars 2016 mission possible. Funding Information: ExoMars is a space mission by ESA and Roscosmos. The development and fabrication of ACS was funded by Roscosmos with contributions from LATMOS (France) funded by CNES. Science operations are funded by Roscosmos and ESA. AAF, NII, DAB, JLB, DSB, ML acknowledge the grant #14.W03.31.0017 of Ministry for Education and Science of Russian Federation for science support of the ACS experiment. AT, AVS, and BEM acknowledge support from Russian Science Foundation (grant RSF 16-12-10453), which enabled assessment of measurement characteristics of the instrument and the associated modeling. LMZ acknowledges RSF funding (grant RSF 16-42-01103). Other authors affiliated with IKI acknowledge FANO, contracts 0120.06 02993 (0028-2014-0004) and 0120.03 03422 (0028-2014-0007). MRP acknowledges funding under the UK Space Agency grant ST/I003061/1 and ST/P001262/1. LV acknowledges the support of Ministerio de Econom{\'i}a y Competitividad of Spain under project ESP2016-79135-R. We are grateful to Richard Zurek and an anonymous reviewer for useful comments and suggestions, which helped improving this paper. We thank Sylvain Cnudde, Evgeny Germanyuk, and Ekaterina Korableva for help in rendering graphics. We also express our sincere gratitude to the space agencies, countries, companies, and project teams who made the ExoMars 2016 mission possible. ACS Science Team: O. Korablev, F. Montmessin, A.V. Grigoriev, A. Fedorova, N.I. Ignatiev, A. Shakun, A. Trokhimovskiy, B.E. Moshkin, F. Forget, F. Lefevre, F. Altieri, G. Arnold, D.A. Belyaev, J.-L. Bertaux, N. Duxbury, T. Encrenaz, T. Fouchet, J.-C. Gerard, S. Guerlet, D. Grassi, P. Hartogh, Y. Kasaba, I.V. Khatunstsev, V.A. Krasnopolsky, R.O. Kuzmin, E. Lellouch, M.A. Lopez-Valverde, A. M{\"a}{\"a}t{\"a}nen, E. Marcq, J. Martin Torres, A. Medvedev, E. Millour, T. Navarro, M. Patel, K. Quantin-Nataf, A.V. Rodin, V.I. Shematovich, M. Vincendon, I. Thomas, N. Thomas, V. Wilquet, L. Vazquez, C. Wilson, L.V. Zasova, L.M. Zelenyi, M.P. Zorzano Science Collaborators: I. Arruego, L. Baggio, D. Betsis, C. Cordoba Jabonero, D. Evdokimova, D. Gorinov, R. Haus, V. Hipkin, P. Irwin, D. Kappel, G. Lacombe, R. Larsson, A. Ledkov, L.M. Llorente, M. Luginin, D. McCleese, I. Maslov, C. Olsen, A. Pankine, N. Pertsev, S. Rafkin, N. Teanby, F. Valero, J.L. V{\'a}zquez-Poletti, P. Wennberg. ACS Technical Team: A. Shakun, A. Trokhimovskiy, A.V. Grigoriev, K. Anufreichik, O. Andreev, I. Averyanova, O. Batanov, I. Dzuban, E. Efremenkova, D. Glazkin, D. Gorinov, J.-P. Goutail, K. Grechnev, A. Irbah, Y. S. Ivanov, Y.K. Kalinnikov, A. Konovalov, F. Korotkov, O.E. Kozlov, T.O. Kozlova, A. Kungurov, N. Kupriyanov, L. Lapauw, V. Makarov, F. Martynovich, I. Maslov, M. Meftah, D. Merzlyakov, P. P. Moiseev, B. E. Moshkin, Y. Nikolskiy, A. Patrakeev, D. Patsaev, G. Poiet, N. Rotova, N. Semena, D. Timonin, A. Santos-Skripko, A. Sapgir, O. Sazonov, A. Semenov, D. Serbinov, V. Shashkin, A. Sidorov, I. Siniyavsky, A. Smirnova, A.V. Stepanov, I. Stupin, A. Terentiev, A.Y. Titov, A. Viktorov, A. Zharkov. ExoMars-16 Edited by H{\aa}kan Svedhem and Christopher T. Russell Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017, The Author(s).",
year = "2018",
month = feb,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1007/s11214-017-0437-6",
language = "English",
volume = "214",
journal = "Space Science Reviews",
issn = "0038-6308",
publisher = "Springer Netherlands",
number = "1",
}