The Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS). VIII. Multi-wavelength identification, optical/NIR spectroscopic properties, and photometric redshifts of X-ray sources

Masayuki Akiyama; Yoshihiro Ueda; Mike G. Watson; Hisanori Furusawa; Tadafumi Takata; Chris Simpson; Tomoki Morokuma; Toru Yamada; Kouji Ohta; Fumihide Iwamuro; Kiyoto Yabe; Naoyuki Tamura; Yuuki Moritani; Naruhisa Takato; Masahiko Kimura; Toshinori Maihara; Gavin Dalton; Ian Lewis; Hanshin Lee; Emma Curtis-Lake; Edward Macaulay; Frazer Clarke; John D. Silverman; Scott Croom; Masami Ouchi; Hitoshi Hanami; Jorge Díaz Tello; Tomohiro Yoshikawa; Naofumi Fujishiro; Kazuhiro Sekiguchi

doi:10.1093/pasj/psv050

The Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS). VIII. Multi-wavelength identification, optical/NIR spectroscopic properties, and photometric redshifts of X-ray sources

Masayuki Akiyama, Yoshihiro Ueda, Mike G. Watson, Hisanori Furusawa, Tadafumi Takata, Chris Simpson, Tomoki Morokuma, Toru Yamada, Kouji Ohta, Fumihide Iwamuro, Kiyoto Yabe, Naoyuki Tamura, Yuuki Moritani, Naruhisa Takato, Masahiko Kimura, Toshinori Maihara, Gavin Dalton, Ian Lewis, Hanshin Lee, Emma Curtis-LakeEdward Macaulay, Frazer Clarke, John D. Silverman, Scott Croom, Masami Ouchi, Hitoshi Hanami, Jorge Díaz Tello, Tomohiro Yoshikawa, Naofumi Fujishiro, Kazuhiro Sekiguchi

SCI - Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

24 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We report on the multi-wavelength identification of the X-ray sources found in the Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS) using deep imaging data covering the wavelength range between the far-UV and mid-IR (MIR). We select a primary counterpart of each X-ray source by applying the likelihood ratio method to R-band, 3.6 μm, near-UV, and 24 μm source catalogs as well as matching catalogs of active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidates selected in 1.4 GHz radio and i^′-band variability surveys. Once candidates for Galactic stars, ultra-luminous X-ray sources in a nearby galaxy, and clusters of galaxies are removed there are 896 AGN candidates in the sample. We conduct spectroscopic observations of the primary counterparts with multi-object spectrographs in the optical and NIR; 65% of the X-ray AGN candidates are spectroscopically identified. For the remaining X-ray AGN candidates, we evaluate their photometric redshift with photometric data in 15 bands. Utilizing the multi-wavelength photometric data of the large sample of X-ray-selected AGNs, we evaluate the stellar masses, M_∗, of the host galaxies of the narrow-line AGNs. The distribution of the stellar mass is remarkably constant from z = 0.1 to 4.0. The relation between M_∗ and 2-10 keV luminosity can be explained with strong cosmological evolution of the relationship between the black hole mass and M_∗. We also evaluate the scatter of the UV-MIR spectral energy distribution (SED) of the X-ray AGNs as a function of X-ray luminosity and absorption by the nucleus. The scatter is compared with galaxies which have redshift and stellar mass distribution matched with the X-ray AGN. The UV-NIR (near-IR) SEDs of obscured X-ray AGNs are similar to those of the galaxies in the matched sample. In the NIR-MIR range, the median SEDs of X-ray AGNs are redder, but the scatter of the SEDs of the X-ray AGN broadly overlaps that of the galaxies in the matched sample.

Original language	English
Article number	82
Journal	Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Volume	67
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psv050
Publication status	Published - 2015 Jun 30

Keywords

X-rays: galaxies
catalogs
galaxies: active
quasars: general
surveys

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.1093/pasj/psv050

Cite this

Akiyama, M., Ueda, Y., Watson, M. G., Furusawa, H., Takata, T., Simpson, C., Morokuma, T., Yamada, T., Ohta, K., Iwamuro, F., Yabe, K., Tamura, N., Moritani, Y., Takato, N., Kimura, M., Maihara, T., Dalton, G., Lewis, I., Lee, H., ... Sekiguchi, K. (2015). The Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS). VIII. Multi-wavelength identification, optical/NIR spectroscopic properties, and photometric redshifts of X-ray sources. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 67(5), [82]. https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psv050

The Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS). VIII. Multi-wavelength identification, optical/NIR spectroscopic properties, and photometric redshifts of X-ray sources. / Akiyama, Masayuki; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Watson, Mike G. et al.
In: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 67, No. 5, 82, 30.06.2015.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Akiyama, M, Ueda, Y, Watson, MG, Furusawa, H, Takata, T, Simpson, C, Morokuma, T, Yamada, T, Ohta, K, Iwamuro, F, Yabe, K, Tamura, N, Moritani, Y, Takato, N, Kimura, M, Maihara, T, Dalton, G, Lewis, I, Lee, H, Curtis-Lake, E, Macaulay, E, Clarke, F, Silverman, JD, Croom, S, Ouchi, M, Hanami, H, Díaz Tello, J, Yoshikawa, T, Fujishiro, N & Sekiguchi, K 2015, 'The Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS). VIII. Multi-wavelength identification, optical/NIR spectroscopic properties, and photometric redshifts of X-ray sources', Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, vol. 67, no. 5, 82. https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psv050

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title = "The Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS). VIII. Multi-wavelength identification, optical/NIR spectroscopic properties, and photometric redshifts of X-ray sources",

abstract = "We report on the multi-wavelength identification of the X-ray sources found in the Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS) using deep imaging data covering the wavelength range between the far-UV and mid-IR (MIR). We select a primary counterpart of each X-ray source by applying the likelihood ratio method to R-band, 3.6 μm, near-UV, and 24 μm source catalogs as well as matching catalogs of active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidates selected in 1.4 GHz radio and i′-band variability surveys. Once candidates for Galactic stars, ultra-luminous X-ray sources in a nearby galaxy, and clusters of galaxies are removed there are 896 AGN candidates in the sample. We conduct spectroscopic observations of the primary counterparts with multi-object spectrographs in the optical and NIR; 65% of the X-ray AGN candidates are spectroscopically identified. For the remaining X-ray AGN candidates, we evaluate their photometric redshift with photometric data in 15 bands. Utilizing the multi-wavelength photometric data of the large sample of X-ray-selected AGNs, we evaluate the stellar masses, M∗, of the host galaxies of the narrow-line AGNs. The distribution of the stellar mass is remarkably constant from z = 0.1 to 4.0. The relation between M∗ and 2-10 keV luminosity can be explained with strong cosmological evolution of the relationship between the black hole mass and M∗. We also evaluate the scatter of the UV-MIR spectral energy distribution (SED) of the X-ray AGNs as a function of X-ray luminosity and absorption by the nucleus. The scatter is compared with galaxies which have redshift and stellar mass distribution matched with the X-ray AGN. The UV-NIR (near-IR) SEDs of obscured X-ray AGNs are similar to those of the galaxies in the matched sample. In the NIR-MIR range, the median SEDs of X-ray AGNs are redder, but the scatter of the SEDs of the X-ray AGN broadly overlaps that of the galaxies in the matched sample.",

keywords = "X-rays: galaxies, catalogs, galaxies: active, quasars: general, surveys",

author = "Masayuki Akiyama and Yoshihiro Ueda and Watson, {Mike G.} and Hisanori Furusawa and Tadafumi Takata and Chris Simpson and Tomoki Morokuma and Toru Yamada and Kouji Ohta and Fumihide Iwamuro and Kiyoto Yabe and Naoyuki Tamura and Yuuki Moritani and Naruhisa Takato and Masahiko Kimura and Toshinori Maihara and Gavin Dalton and Ian Lewis and Hanshin Lee and Emma Curtis-Lake and Edward Macaulay and Frazer Clarke and Silverman, {John D.} and Scott Croom and Masami Ouchi and Hitoshi Hanami and {D{\'i}az Tello}, Jorge and Tomohiro Yoshikawa and Naofumi Fujishiro and Kazuhiro Sekiguchi",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Japan.",

year = "2015",

month = jun,

day = "30",

doi = "10.1093/pasj/psv050",

language = "English",

volume = "67",

journal = "Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan",

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T1 - The Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS). VIII. Multi-wavelength identification, optical/NIR spectroscopic properties, and photometric redshifts of X-ray sources

AU - Akiyama, Masayuki

AU - Ueda, Yoshihiro

AU - Watson, Mike G.

AU - Furusawa, Hisanori

AU - Takata, Tadafumi

AU - Simpson, Chris

AU - Morokuma, Tomoki

AU - Yamada, Toru

AU - Ohta, Kouji

AU - Iwamuro, Fumihide

AU - Yabe, Kiyoto

AU - Tamura, Naoyuki

AU - Moritani, Yuuki

AU - Takato, Naruhisa

AU - Kimura, Masahiko

AU - Maihara, Toshinori

AU - Dalton, Gavin

AU - Lewis, Ian

AU - Lee, Hanshin

AU - Curtis-Lake, Emma

AU - Macaulay, Edward

AU - Clarke, Frazer

AU - Silverman, John D.

AU - Croom, Scott

AU - Ouchi, Masami

AU - Hanami, Hitoshi

AU - Díaz Tello, Jorge

AU - Yoshikawa, Tomohiro

AU - Fujishiro, Naofumi

AU - Sekiguchi, Kazuhiro

PY - 2015/6/30

Y1 - 2015/6/30

N2 - We report on the multi-wavelength identification of the X-ray sources found in the Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS) using deep imaging data covering the wavelength range between the far-UV and mid-IR (MIR). We select a primary counterpart of each X-ray source by applying the likelihood ratio method to R-band, 3.6 μm, near-UV, and 24 μm source catalogs as well as matching catalogs of active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidates selected in 1.4 GHz radio and i′-band variability surveys. Once candidates for Galactic stars, ultra-luminous X-ray sources in a nearby galaxy, and clusters of galaxies are removed there are 896 AGN candidates in the sample. We conduct spectroscopic observations of the primary counterparts with multi-object spectrographs in the optical and NIR; 65% of the X-ray AGN candidates are spectroscopically identified. For the remaining X-ray AGN candidates, we evaluate their photometric redshift with photometric data in 15 bands. Utilizing the multi-wavelength photometric data of the large sample of X-ray-selected AGNs, we evaluate the stellar masses, M∗, of the host galaxies of the narrow-line AGNs. The distribution of the stellar mass is remarkably constant from z = 0.1 to 4.0. The relation between M∗ and 2-10 keV luminosity can be explained with strong cosmological evolution of the relationship between the black hole mass and M∗. We also evaluate the scatter of the UV-MIR spectral energy distribution (SED) of the X-ray AGNs as a function of X-ray luminosity and absorption by the nucleus. The scatter is compared with galaxies which have redshift and stellar mass distribution matched with the X-ray AGN. The UV-NIR (near-IR) SEDs of obscured X-ray AGNs are similar to those of the galaxies in the matched sample. In the NIR-MIR range, the median SEDs of X-ray AGNs are redder, but the scatter of the SEDs of the X-ray AGN broadly overlaps that of the galaxies in the matched sample.

AB - We report on the multi-wavelength identification of the X-ray sources found in the Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS) using deep imaging data covering the wavelength range between the far-UV and mid-IR (MIR). We select a primary counterpart of each X-ray source by applying the likelihood ratio method to R-band, 3.6 μm, near-UV, and 24 μm source catalogs as well as matching catalogs of active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidates selected in 1.4 GHz radio and i′-band variability surveys. Once candidates for Galactic stars, ultra-luminous X-ray sources in a nearby galaxy, and clusters of galaxies are removed there are 896 AGN candidates in the sample. We conduct spectroscopic observations of the primary counterparts with multi-object spectrographs in the optical and NIR; 65% of the X-ray AGN candidates are spectroscopically identified. For the remaining X-ray AGN candidates, we evaluate their photometric redshift with photometric data in 15 bands. Utilizing the multi-wavelength photometric data of the large sample of X-ray-selected AGNs, we evaluate the stellar masses, M∗, of the host galaxies of the narrow-line AGNs. The distribution of the stellar mass is remarkably constant from z = 0.1 to 4.0. The relation between M∗ and 2-10 keV luminosity can be explained with strong cosmological evolution of the relationship between the black hole mass and M∗. We also evaluate the scatter of the UV-MIR spectral energy distribution (SED) of the X-ray AGNs as a function of X-ray luminosity and absorption by the nucleus. The scatter is compared with galaxies which have redshift and stellar mass distribution matched with the X-ray AGN. The UV-NIR (near-IR) SEDs of obscured X-ray AGNs are similar to those of the galaxies in the matched sample. In the NIR-MIR range, the median SEDs of X-ray AGNs are redder, but the scatter of the SEDs of the X-ray AGN broadly overlaps that of the galaxies in the matched sample.

KW - X-rays: galaxies

KW - catalogs

KW - galaxies: active

KW - quasars: general

KW - surveys

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JO - Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

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The Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS). VIII. Multi-wavelength identification, optical/NIR spectroscopic properties, and photometric redshifts of X-ray sources

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Keywords

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