Total resection of a hemorrhagic tectal pilocytic astrocytoma - Case report

A 21-year-old man presented with a hemorrhagic pilocytic astrocytoma of the tectal plate manifesting as sudden onset of severe headache, vertigo, nausea, and vomiting. Computed tomography demonstrated acute hydrocephalus and hemorrhage within the brain stem and fourth ventricle. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a dorsally exophytic tectal tumor as hypointense on the T ₁-weighted image and hyperintense on the T₂-weighted image with contrast enhancement. Radical resection of the tumor was selected because of the unusual aggressive clinical course with hemorrhage and suspicion of malignant components. The tumor was totally resected via an occipital transtentorial approach using a neuronavigation system without surgical complications. The histological diagnosis was pilocytic astrocytoma. The patient was discharged home without neurological deficits on the 9th postoperative day. Twenty-three months after the surgery, follow-up MR imaging demonstrated no recurrence. Tectal plate pilocytic astrocytoma is rarely associated with hemorrhage but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage with acute presentation. Such exceptional tectal tumors should be resected radically and undergo histological examination to decide on further appropriate treatment.