@article{9c2a8151c00f4e1aa918f0996ccb9b5f,
title = "Toward the human-robot co-existence society: On safety intelligence for next generation robots",
abstract = "Technocrats from many developed countries, especially Japan and South Korea, are preparing for the human-robot co-existence society that they believe will emerge by 2030. Regulators are assuming that within the next two decades, robots will be capable of adapting to complex, unstructured environments and interacting with humans to assist with the performance of daily life tasks. Unlike heavily regulated industrial robots that toil in isolated settings, Next Generation Robots will have relative autonomy, which raises a number of safety issues that are the focus of this article. Our purpose is to describe a framework for a legal system focused on Next Generation Robots safety issues, including a Safety Intelligence concept that addresses robot Open-Texture Risk. We express doubt that a model based on Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics can ever be a suitable foundation for creating an artificial moral agency ensuring robot safety. Finally, we make predictions about the most significant Next Generation Robots safety issues that will arise as the human-robot co-existence society emerges.",
keywords = "Roboethics, Robot law, Robot legal studies, Robot policy, Safety intelligence, Social robotics, The three laws of robotics",
author = "Weng, {Yueh Hsuan} and Chen, {Chien Hsun} and Sun, {Chuen Tsai}",
note = "Funding Information: Determining how robotics will emerge and evolve requires agreement on ethical issues among multiple parties, in the same manner as nuclear physics, nanotechnology, and bioengineering. Creating consensus on these issues may require a model similar to that of the Human Genome Project for the study of Ethical, Legal and Social Issues (ELSI) sponsored by the US Department of Energy and National Institutes of Health.7 Each agency has earmarked 3–5 percent of its financial support for genome research to ethical issues. ELSI{\textquoteright}s counterpart across the Atlantic is the European Robotics Research Network (EURON), a private organization devoted to creating resources for and exchanging knowledge about robotics research.8 To create a systematic assessment procedure for ethical issues involving robotics research and development, a EURON committee has written and published Roboethics Roadmap [19], a collection of articles outlining potential research pathways, and speculating on how each one might develop. Due to the rate of rapid change occurring in the technology, EURON does not promote the collection as a guideline to state-of-the-art robotics or a declaration of principles such as those emerging from Japan and Korea. Instead, the Roadmap is billed as a review of topics and issues aimed at those individuals and regulatory bodies that will eventually determine robot policies—legislatures, academic institutions, public ethics committees, industry groups, and the like. It is important to note that the Roadmap focuses on human centered rather than robot or artificial intelligence centered ethics, perhaps due to its “near future urgency” perspective that addresses the next decade while contemplating foreseeable long term developments. For this reason, Roboethics Roadmap does not consider potential problems associated with robot consciousness, free will, and emotions. Funding Information: A separate project was already underway at Waseda University in Tokyo{\textquoteright}s Shinjuku ward, the 1973 birthplace of WABOT-1, the world{\textquoteright}s first full-scale biped walking humanoid robot.3 Named “Innovative Research on Symbiosis Technology for Humans and Robots in an Elderly-Dominated Society”,4 it was sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Another important agreement was finalized in 2001, when Waseda University and Gifu prefecture established a “Wabot-House”5 technical area in the city of Kakamigahara. The lab consists of three buildings, one for addressing ideas about ideal living spaces for people and various robot types; one focusing on social factors such as daily living needs, medical",
year = "2009",
month = nov,
doi = "10.1007/s12369-009-0019-1",
language = "English",
volume = "1",
pages = "267--282",
journal = "International Journal of Social Robotics",
issn = "1875-4791",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
number = "4",
}