Transequatorial magnetic flux loops on the sun:A possible new source of geomagnetic storms

Following the traditional way of expression, geomagnetic storms have BEEN classified into three types; flare-type Sc storms, CH-type Sg storms, and DB-type Sc storms (Sc: sudden commencement; CH: coronal hole; g: gradual; DB: disparition brusque). We have discovered that some transequatorial loops (TEL) give rise to geomagnetic storms, when the TEL explodes near the central meridian of the sun. The axial magnetic direction of the TEL can be inferred, since TELs connect sunspot groups or remnant magnetic regions between the northern and southern hemispheres. Since the axial fields tend to have a large Bz component in interplanetary space, we have examined various effects on the configuration of geomagnetic storms. Topics are proposed for future works on the TEL-type Sc storms.