Use of hollow-core fibers to deliver nanosecond Nd:YAG laser pulses to form sparks in gases

We report what is to our knowledge the first delivery of nanosecond laser pulses through flexible fibers to produce optical sparks in atmospheric-pressure gases. Our work employs a Nd:YAG laser beam (1.064 μm) delivered through a cyclic olefin polymer-coated silver hollow fiber. We studied the beam properties at the fiber exit as a function of the fiber launch geometry. We found that for a low-angle launch (∼0.01 rad half-angle), the exit beam has relatively high optical intensity (∼2 GW/cm²) and low light divergence (∼0.01 rad half-angle) and allows downstream spark formation. The effect of fiber bending on the exit beam and on the ability to make sparks is also investigated.