A consideration of constitutive relationship between flowing particles

In order to analyze the flow behavior of particles by the application of continuum mechanics, a new constitutive equation is derived from considerations of energy dissipation during the flow of the particles. This dissipation mechanism was investigated by computer simulation of the flow behavior of particles on an inclined trough. The energy of flowing particles is dissipated by friction and collision with neighboring particles. The constitutive equation was derived by considering both dissipation mechanisms of energy. The velocity distribution of flowing particles on the inclined trough was estimated by the application of a constitutive equation. The estimated velocity distribution agrees well with the measured one.