Chronic Poor Sleep is Associated with Increased Disease Activity in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: Prospective Observational Study in Japan

Background and Aim: Although sleep disorders are associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, the causal relationship is unclear. Therefore, in this study we aimed to clarify the causal relationship between them. Methods: We administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire to participants during regular visits to evaluate their sleep condition, and prospectively observed the participants. Participants were divided into poor sleep and non-poor sleep groups according to their first and second questionnaire scores. We compared inflammatory bowel disease relapse rates between the two groups. Results: The study population included 139 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, including 60 with chronic poor sleep. Disease relapse rate was significantly higher in the poor sleep group than in the non-poor sleep group [28.3% vs 8.9%; p = 0.0033]. Ulcerative colitis relapse rate was significantly higher in the poor sleep group than in the non-poor sleep group [34.5% vs 10.3%, p = 0.031]. Multivariate analysis identified chronic poor sleep as a clinical factor that affected inflammatory bowel disease relapse (odds ratio [OR] = 6.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.23–20.0, p = 0.0007] and ulcerative colitis relapse [OR = 8.89, 95% CI: 1.57–50.2, p = 0.014]. The Kaplan − Meier curve showed significantly lower cumulative treatment retention rates in the poor sleep group than in the non-poor sleep group [all patients, p = 0.0061; ulcerative colitis, p = 0.025]. Conclusions: Concomitant chronic poor sleep may have a negative influence on the disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly in those with ulcerative colitis.