High-resolution photoemission study of C: The dual character of electrons

High-resolution low-temperature photoemission spectroscopy was performed for Ce(Formula presented) to study the nature of low-lying excitations around the Fermi level ((Formula presented)). It was found that the photoemission spectrum near (Formula presented) shows two well-resolved peaks at and about 270 meV below (Formula presented), which are ascribed to the tail of the Ce 4 (Formula presented) final state located just above (Formula presented) and its spin-orbit satellite ((Formula presented) meV), respectively. This suggests that the many-body-correlation effect is necessary for understanding the electronic structure near (Formula presented) of Ce(Formula presented), although the Ce (Formula presented) electron exhibits a substantially itinerant character through the strong hybridization with the conduction electrons.