Impact of clinical factors and UGT1A9 and CYP2B6 genotype on inter-individual differences in propofol pharmacokinetics

Purpose: Propofol is one of the most widely used fast-acting intravenously administered anesthetics. However, although large inter-individual differences in dose requirements and recovery time have been observed, there are few previous studies in which the association between several potential covariates, including genetic factors such as the UGT1A9 and CYP2B6 genotypes, and propofol pharmacokinetics was simultaneously examined. This study aimed to identify factors determining propofol pharmacokinetics. Methods: Eighty-three patients were enrolled, and their blood samples were collected 1, 5, 10, and 15 min after administering a single intravenous bolus of propofol at a dose of 2.0 ml/kg to measure propofol plasma concentration. Area under the time–plasma concentration curve from zero up to the last measurable time point (AUC_15min) was determined from the concentration data. The inter-individual variability of the propofol pharmacokinetics was evaluated by investigating relationships between AUC_15min and genotype of UGT1A9 and CYP2B6; clinical factors, such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and preoperative hematological examination; and hemodynamic variables measured by a pulse dye densitogram analyzer. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the Mann–Whitney U test were used for the statistical analysis of continuous and categorical values, respectively. Subsequently, clinical factors that had p values of < 0.05 in the univariate analysis were examined in a multivariate analysis using multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Age, BMI, indocyanine green disappearance ratio (K-ICG), hepatic blood flow (HBF), preoperative hemoglobin level, and sex were correlated with AUC_15min (p < 0.05) in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis performed to adjust for age, BMI, K-ICG, HBF, preoperative hemoglobin level, and sex revealed only BMI as an independent factor associated with AUC_15min. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that BMI influences propofol pharmacokinetics after its administration as a single intravenous injection, while UGT1A9 and CYP2B6 SNPs, other clinical factors, and hemodynamic variables do not. These results suggest that BMI is an independent factor associated with propofol pharmacokinetics in several potential covariates. Clinical trials registration number: University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000022948).