Maternal social isolation in the perinatal period and early childhood development: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study

Purpose: Studies examining the associations between maternal social relationships and early childhood development have mainly focused on social relationships after childbirth. We aimed to prospectively examine the associations between the transition of maternal social isolation from the prenatal to postnatal period and early childhood development. Methods: We analyzed data for 6692 mother–child pairs who participated in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. Social isolation in the prenatal and postnatal periods was assessed by the Lubben Social Network Scale-abbreviated version and categorized into four groups: none, prenatal only, postnatal only, and both. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition, which consists of five developmental areas, was used to assess developmental delays in children at 2 and 3.5 years of age. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between maternal social isolation and developmental delays. Results: The prevalence of social isolation in both the prenatal and postnatal periods was 13.1%. Social isolation in both the prenatal and postnatal periods was associated with developmental delays in children at 2 and 3.5 years of age: the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.68 (1.39–2.04) and 1.43 (1.17–1.76), respectively. Social isolation in the prenatal period only and social isolation in the postnatal period only were not associated with developmental delays in children at 2 and 3.5 years of age. Conclusion: Maternal social isolation in both the prenatal and postnatal periods was associated with an increased risk of developmental delays in early childhood.