Particle micronization of Curcuma mangga rhizomes ethanolic extract/biopolymer PVP using supercritical antisolvent process

Curcuma mangga (C. mangga) rhizomes ethanolic extract/PVP micronized particles were prepared using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) method. The ethanolic extract was obtained from dried C. mangga rhizomes using soxhletation. A mixture of acetone and ethanol (90:10 (v/v)) was used as the solvent, while supercritical CO₂ was used as the antisolvent. The effect of the operating conditions on the size and morphology, and characteristic of the particles was evaluated. By using this process, nanoparticles with an average diameter ranging from 111 ± 47 nm to 210 ± 120 nm were successfully formed. The particle size decreased as the temperature increased, whereas pressure did not significantly affect the particle size or morphology. A lower concentration of the feed produced smaller particle sizes. Based on the optimization using the RSM Box-Behnken design, the best result was predicted at a pressure of 15.65 MPa, temperature of 309.7 K, C. mangga to PVP ratio of 1:13.7, and feed concentration of 3.18 mg/ml with a predicted particle size of 99 nm, which is less than the experimental results. This investigation has the potential to improve the use of C. mangga rhizomes in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.